Table 2.
Gene Expression (relative to housekeeping genes) in Epicardial Fat in Participants With Moderate‐High Versus Low Atherosclerotic Plaque Burden
| Gene | Participants with moderate‐high plaque (n=10) | Participants with low plaque (n=12) | P value* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Inflammation proximal fat | |||
| Interleukin 6 † | 1420±1054 | 402±428 | 0.001 |
| CCL2–MCP‐1 † | 1703±1188 | 347±331 | 0.004 |
| CD68 | 237±152 | 195±157 | 0.26 |
| CD44 | 366±194 | 258±138 | 0.11 |
| Hypoxia proximal fat | |||
| HIF1a | 812±471 | 506±296 | 0.017 |
| P22PHOX | 459±226 | 372±226 | 0.20 |
| SOD2 | 2352±194 | 1772±952 | 0.09 |
| Adipogenesis bridge fat | |||
| PPARG | 138±58.6 | 216±129 | 0.107 |
| Adiponectin | 1918±851 | 4095±2313 | 0.009 |
| GLUT4 | 83±35.9 | 181±146 | 0.065 |
| CD36‐AP2 | 3028±1490 | 5123±2750 | 0.053 |
| ATGL | 624±247 | 1086±637 | 0.036 |
| FABP4 | 13 845±7360 | 26 418±15 929 | 0.041 |
| Perilipin 1 | 1560±1006 | 3422±2341 | 0.038 |
| Perilipin 5 | 58±24 | 133±101 | 0.046 |
| LPL | 1246±686 | 2532±1680 | 0.044 |
| Inflammation bridge fat | |||
| Interleukin 6 † | 1212±1329 | 529±1077 | 0.06 |
| CCL2–MCP‐1 † | 682±643 | 253±158 | 0.15 |
| CD68 | 209±182 | 167±99.2 | 0.51 |
| CD44 | 348±338 | 245±264 | 0.58 |
Data are given as mean±SD. Depot‐specific functional gene categories with no significant differences between plaque subgroups are omitted from the table. AP2 indicates adipocyte Protein 2; ATGL, adipose tissue triglyceride lipase; CCL2‐MCP‐1: monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1; CD, cluster of differentiation; FABP4, fatty acid binding protein 4; GLUT4, glucose transporter 4; HIF, hypoxia‐inducible factor; LPL, lipoprotein lipase; MCP‐1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; P22PHOX, NADH oxidase subunit, phox22; PPARG, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ; and SOD, superoxide dismutase.
ANCOVA with adjustment for age.
Test for significance done on log value.