Table 3.
Expression (relative to housekeeping genes) of Genes by Depot in Epicardial Fat in Individuals With Moderate‐High Plaque Versus Low Atherosclerotic Plaque Burden
| Gene group | Participants with moderate‐high plaque (n=11) | Participants with low plaque (n=14) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proximal EAT | Bridge EAT | P value * | Proximal EAT | Bridge EAT | P value * | |
| Inflammation | ||||||
| Interleukin 6 † | 1420±1054 | 1212±1329 | 0.03 | 402±428 | 529±1077 | 0.17 |
| CCL2–MCP‐1 † | 1703±1189 | 682±643 | <0.03 | 347±331 | 253±158 | 0.27 |
| CD68 | 237±152 | 209±182 | 0.66 | 195±157 | 167±99.2 | 0.55 |
| CD44 | 366±194 | 348±338 | 0.99 | 258±138 | 245±264 | 0.88 |
| Adipogenesis | ||||||
| PPARG | 258±137 | 138±58.6 | 0.029 | 254±175 | 216±129 | 0.49 |
| Adiponectin | 4372±2402 | 1918±851 | 0.014 | 5227±4518 | 4095±2313 | 0.38 |
| GLUT4 | 161±97.3 | 83±35.9 | 0.005 | 206±185 | 181±146 | 0.70 |
| CD36‐AP2 | 4850±2837 | 3028±1490 | 0.04 | 5679±4215 | 5123±2750 | 0.63 |
| ATGL | 1322±626 | 624±247 | 0.003 | 1631±1291 | 1086±637 | 0.17 |
| FABP4 | 25 578±15 851 | 13 845±7360 | 0.049 | 32 917±29 223 | 26 418±15 929 | 0.35 |
| Perilipin 1 | 3908±2275 | 1560±1006 | 0.011 | 4737±3761 | 3422±2341 | 0.28 |
| Perilipin 5 | 162±80.9 | 58±24 | 0.006 | 222±235 | 133±101 | 0.17 |
| LPL | 2756±1808 | 1246±686 | 0.039 | 2590±1944 | 2532±1680 | 0.93 |
| Thermogenesis | ||||||
| UCP1 | 30.5±14.3 | 28.3±11.9 | 0.65 | 28.6±9.9 | 35.0±28.3 | 0.44 |
| FGF21 † | 15.8±1.6 | 24.9±10.1 | 0.03 | 19±9.8 | 22.7±11.4 | 0.10 |
| PGC1a | 37±16.2 | 39.5±14.5 | 0.73 | 41.9±19.6 | 56.9±62.5 | 0.48 |
| Hypoxia/oxidative stress | ||||||
| HIF1a | 812±471 | 805±868 | 0.92 | 506±296 | 628±718 | 0.57 |
| P22PHOX | 459±226 | 360±246 | 0.50 | 372±226 | 329±182 | 0.55 |
| P47PHOX | 155±114 | 124±66.4 | 0.68 | 98.8±63.6 | 90.7±35.0 | 0.42 |
| SOD2 | 2352±1326 | 2711±3883 | 0.77 | 1773±952 | 2402±3378 | 0.51 |
| Angiogenesis | ||||||
| PDGF | 46.1±19.6 | 42.7±28.1 | 0.58 | 39.2±21.6 | 35.1±13.9 | 0.56 |
| VEGF | 346±175 | 297±296 | 0.61 | 347±226 | 341±275 | 0.96 |
Data are given as mean±SD. AP2 indicates adipocyte Protein 2; ATGL, adipose tissue triglyceride lipase; CCL2‐MCP‐1, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1; CD, cluster of differentiation; EAT, epicardial adipose tissue; FABP4, fatty acid binding protein 4; FGF21, fibroblast growth factor 21; GLUT4, glucose transporter 4; HIF, hypoxia‐inducible factor; LPL, lipoprotein lipase; MCP‐1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; P22PHOX, NADH oxidase subunit, phox22; P47PHOX, neutrophil cytosol factor 1; PDGF, platelet‐derived growth factor; PGC1a, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ coactivator 1‐α; PPARG, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ; SOD, superoxide dismutase; UCP1, uncoupling protein 1; and VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.
Paired Student t test.
Test for significance done on log‐transformed value.