Table 1. Participant characteristics by institute of medicine gestational weight gain categories.
| Characteristics | Inadequate (N = 2972) | Adequate (N = 2236) | Excessive (N = 1821) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 29.7±5.9 | 29.7±5.9 | 29.8±5.7 | 0.75 |
| <20 | 78(2.6) | 49(2.2) | 40(2.2) | 0.69 |
| 20–29 | 1432(48.2) | 1126(50.4) | 898(49.3) | |
| 30–34 | 789(26.5) | 587(26.3) | 476(26.1) | |
| 35+ | 673(22.6) | 474(21.2) | 407(22.4) | |
| Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m 2 ) | 27.1±5.8 | 28.6±5.7 | 29.4±5.4 | <0.001 |
| Underweight/normal BMI | 1346 (45.3) | 607 (27.2) | 289 (15.9) | <0.01 |
| Overweight | 808 (27.2) | 810 (36.2) | 720 (39.5) | |
| Obese | 817 (27.5) | 818 (36.6) | 812 (44.6) | |
| Parity | 2.46±2.22 | 2.31±2.14 | 2.11±2.04 | |
| 0 | 630(21.2) | 520(23.3) | 475(26.1) | 0.003 |
| 1–4 | 1461(49.2) | 1061(47.5) | 852(46.8) | |
| 5+ | 881(29.6) | 654(29.3) | 492(27.0) | |
| Second-hand smoker | 615(24.9) | 482(26.6) | 357(24.2) | 0.24 |
| Pregestational Diabetes | 78(3.7) | 55(3.6) | 64(5.1) | 0.09 |
| Pregestational hypertension | 34(1.1) | 24(1.1) | 32(1.8) | 0.102 |
| Gestational age at delivery (weeks) | 38.7±2.0 | 38.9±1.9 | 38.9±1.7 | <0.001 |
Data are expressed in frequency (percentage) or mean± Standard deviation, BMI = Body Mass Index.