Table 2. Association of pregnancy outcomes with gestational weight gain among participants according to the prepregnancy body mass index.
| Outcome | Inadequate (N = 2972) | Adequate (N = 2236) | Excessive (N = 1821) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI category | Event/Total (%) | Event/Total (%) | Event/Total (%) | |
| Emergency Caesarean section | ||||
| All women | 346 (11.6) | 330 (14.8) | 273(15.0) | <0.001 |
| Underweight/normal BMI | 138 (10.2) | 77 (12.7) | 35 (12.1) | 0.25 |
| Overweight | 98 (12.1) | 107 (13.2) | 98 (13.6) | 0.665 |
| Obese | 110 (13.5) | 146 (17.8) | 140 (17.2) | <0.001 |
| HTN | ||||
| All women | 71(2.4) | 60(2.7) | 86 (4.8) | <0.001 |
| Underweight/normal BMI | 25 (1.9) | 12 (2.0) | 5 (1.7) | 0.969 |
| Overweight | 16 (2.0) | 15 (1.9) | 23 (3.2) | 0.150 |
| Obese | 30 (3.7) | 33 (4.1) | 58 (7.2) | 0.002 |
| Gestational Diabetes | ||||
| All women | 497 (24.6) | 371 (25.0) | 324 (27.4) | 0.183 |
| Underweight/normal BMI | 161 (18.0) | 70 (17.3) | 34 (16.7) | 0.891 |
| Overweight | 125 (22.3) | 105 (20.3) | 104 (24.2) | 0.357 |
| Obese | 211 (37.1) | 196 (34.8) | 186 (33.9) | 0.509 |
| Preterm birth | ||||
| All women | 254 (8.7) | 169 (7.8) | 111(6.3) | 0.010 |
| Underweight/normal BMI | 132 (10.0) | 52 (8.8) | 21 (7.5) | 0.67 |
| Overweight | 64 (8.1) | 54 (6.8) | 38 (5.4) | 0.119 |
| Obese | 58 (7.3) | 63 (7.9) | 52 (6.6) | 0.644 |
| Macrosomia | ||||
| All women | 55 (2.1) | 61 (3.0) | 84 (4.9) | <0.001 |
| Underweight/normal BMI | 8 (0.7) | 7 (1.3) | 10 (3.8) | 0.002 |
| Overweight | 10 (1.4) | 18 (2.4) | 23 (3.3) | 0.045 |
| Obese | 38 (5.0) | 36 (4.8) | 51 (6.6) | 0.225 |
| Low Birth Weight | ||||
| All women | 326 (11.0) | 190 (8.5) | 99 (5.4) | <0.01 |
| Underweight/normal BMI | 191 (14.2) | 59 (9.7) | 27 (9.3) | 0.005 |
| Overweight | 75 (9.3) | 64 (7.9) | 28 (3.9) | <0.001 |
| Obese | 60 (7.3) | 67 (8.2) | 44 (5.4) | 0.079 |
Data are expressed in frequency (percentage) or mean± Standard deviation, BMI = Body Mass Index.