Schematic diagram of receptors or proteins expressed by TAFs and nanoparticles targeting TAFs. (1) Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) mediated nanoparticles (PNP-D-mAb, adapted with permission from ref 97. copyright (2015) Wiley) and FAP-cleavable nanoparticle (Dox/PL-rGO, adapted with permission from ref 101. Copyright (2017) Oxford University Press). (2) Sigma receptors mediated nanoparticles (LCP-QP, adapted with permission from ref 112. Copyright (2017) American Chemical Society). (3) FGFR targeting nanoparticles (MPC/Ad-SS-PEG, adapted with permission from ref 117. Copyright (2013) Elsevier). (4) Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors mediated nanoparticles (PPB-PEG-IFNγ, adapted with permission from ref 126. Copyright (2014) Wiley). Tenascin C mediated nanoparticles (FH-SSL-Nav, adapted with permission from ref 133. Copyright (2015) Elsevier).