Table 5.
Univariate logistic regression analysis of cow-level risk factors
| Examined, n | Positive, n | Prevalence (%) | OR | CI (95%) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breed | ||||||
| Local | 183 | 13 | 7.10 | Ref | ||
| Cross | 239 | 59 | 24.69 | 4.29 | 2.27–8.10 | <0.001* |
| Age | ||||||
| Young | 177 | 23 | 12.99 | Ref | ||
| Adult | 236 | 44 | 18.64 | 1.53 | 0.89–2.65 | 0.125 |
| Old | 9 | 5 | 55.56 | 8.37 | 2.1–33.46 | 0.003* |
| Parity | ||||||
| Low (1–2) | 312 | 38 | 12.18 | Ref | ||
| Moderate (3–6) | 106 | 32 | 30.19 | 3.12 | 1.83–5.33 | <0.001* |
| High (>6) | 4 | 2 | 50.00 | 7.21 | 0.99–52.7 | 0.052 |
| Stage of lactation | ||||||
| Early | 133 | 26 | 19.55 | Ref | ||
| Mid- | 144 | 21 | 14.58 | 0.70 | 0.37–1.32 | 0.273 |
| Late | 145 | 25 | 17.24 | 0.86 | 0.47–1.57 | 0.620 |
| History | ||||||
| No | 267 | 31 | 11.61 | Ref | ||
| Yes | 155 | 41 | 26.45 | 2.74 | 1.63–4.59 | <0.001* |
| Milk yield | ||||||
| <10 | 255 | 26 | 10.20 | Ref | ||
| ≥10 | 167 | 46 | 27.54 | 3.35 | 1.97–5.68 | <0.001* |
| Body condition | ||||||
| Poor | 41 | 3 | 7.32 | Ref | ||
| Moderate | 125 | 14 | 11.20 | 1.60 | 0.44–5.86 | 0.480 |
| Good | 256 | 55 | 21.48 | 3.47 | 1.03–11.7 | 0.045* |
| Udder- and leg-hygiene score | ||||||
| Poor | 157 | 36 | 22.93 | Ref | ||
| Good | 265 | 36 | 13.58 | 0.53 | 0.32–0.88 | 0.015* |
| Udder depth | ||||||
| Normal | 313 | 36 | 11.50 | Ref | ||
| Pendulous | 109 | 36 | 33.03 | 3.79 | 2.24–6.44 | <0.001* |
| Teat-end shape | ||||||
| Pointed | 146 | 19 | 13.01 | Ref | ||
| Round | 153 | 28 | 18.30 | 1.50 | 0.80–2.82 | 0.211 |
| Flat | 123 | 25 | 20.33 | 1.71 | 0.89–3.27 | 0.109 |
Note: *Significant.