Table 1.
Characteristics of patients.
| Variables | No. Pts | Mean ± SD Median (range) or frequency (percentage) |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 243 | 55.11 ± 10.39 |
| Sex (male) | 243 | 173 (71.2%) |
|
| ||
| Etiology of liver diseases | ||
| Hepatitis B virus infection | 243 | 103 (42.4%) |
| Hepatitis C virus infection | 243 | 19 (7.8%) |
| Alcohol abuse | 243 | 92 (37.9%) |
| Drug related | 243 | 21 (8.6%) |
| Autoimmune liver diseases | 243 | 17 (7.0%) |
|
| ||
| Clinical presentations at admission | ||
| Hepatic encephalopathy | 243 | 5 (2.1%) |
| Gastrointestinal bleeding | 243 | 95 (39.1%) |
| Ascites (no/mild/moderate-severe) | 243 | 112 (46.1%)/89 (36.6%)/42 (17.3%) |
|
| ||
| History | ||
| History of gastrointestinal bleeding | 243 | 161 (66.3%) |
| History of endoscopic variceal therapy | 243 | 141 (58.0%) |
| EVL as last endoscopic variceal therapeutic approach | 243 | 121 (49.8%) |
| EIS as last endoscopic variceal therapeutic approach | 243 | 20 (8.2%) |
| Interval between last endoscopic variceal therapy and CT (days) | 137 | 313.60 ± 371.29 190.00 (1.00–1676.00) |
| NSBBs within 1 month before admission | 192 | 31 (16.1%) |
|
| ||
| Laboratory data | ||
| Red blood cell (1012/L) | 243 | 3.63 ± 0.90 3.73 (1.51–9.92) |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 243 | 102.97 ± 28.41 103.00 (28.00–181.00) |
| White blood cell (109/L) | 243 | 4.22 ± 3.00 3.40 (0.70–21.60) |
| Platelet (109/L) | 243 | 102.79 ± 82.54 79.00 (15.00–681.00) |
| Total bilirubin (µmol/L) | 243 | 26.20 ± 26.62 17.90 (5.60–216.50) |
| Albumin (g/L) | 243 | 34.67 ± 6.21 35.20 (14.20–71.40) |
| Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) | 243 | 29.57 ± 28.99 22.14 (4.23–332.50) |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | 243 | 41.28 ± 34.30 30.78 (9.63–376.35) |
| Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) | 243 | 111.77 ± 88.64 90.06 (24.35–983.93) |
| γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase (U/L) | 243 | 91.81 ± 213.01 33.93 (7.49–1779.18) |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L) | 243 | 5.72 ± 2.60 5.23 (1.86–20.15) |
| Creatinine (µmol/L) | 243 | 64.27 ± 17.27 61.71 (27.95–178.55) |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 243 | 3.89 ± 0.42 3.91 (2.42–5.87) |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 243 | 138.79 ± 3.11 139.10 (118.00–147.70) |
| Prothrombin time (seconds) | 243 | 16.31 ± 2.50 15.80 (12.50–28.00) |
| Activated partial thromboplastin time (seconds) | 243 | 40.66 ± 5.54 40.10 (19.80–71.30) |
| International normalized ratio | 243 | 1.33 ± 0.28 1.27 (0.94–2.77) |
| Child-Pugh score | 243 | 6.72 ± 1.65 6.00 (5.00–13.00) |
| Child-Pugh class (A/B/C) | 243 | 133 (54.7%)/93 (38.3%)/17 (7.0%) |
| MELD score | 243 | 6.46 ± 4.48 5.58 (−2.13–27.42) |
| EVs on endoscopy (no/yes/unknown) | 211a | 34 (16.1%)/177 (72.8%) 0 (0.0%) |
| EVNTs on endoscopy (no/yes/unknown) | 211a | 104 (49.3%)/106 (50.2%)/1 (0.5%)b |
| ECVs on CT (no/yes/unknown) | 243 | 110 (45.3%)/131 (53.9%)/2 (0.8%)c |
Notes: aAs for the patients who underwent endoscopic variceal therapy, only EVs on endoscopy performed after CT during the same hospitalizations were evaluated; as for the patients who did not undergo endoscopic variceal therapy, EVs on endoscopy performed during the same hospitalizations were evaluated, regardless of the order of CT and endoscopy; bEVNTs could not be evaluated due to the absence of detailed grade of EVs in their endoscopic reports; cECVs could not be evaluated because the venous vessels were not obviously enhanced. Pts, patients; SD, standard deviation; EVL, endoscopic variceal ligation; EIS, endoscopic injection sclerotherapy; CT, computed tomography; NSBBs, nonselective beta-blockers; MELD, model for end stage of liver disease; EVs, esophageal varices; ECVs, esophageal collateral veins.