Table 2.
Comparison between ECVs and no ECVs groups.
| Variables | ECVs | No ECVs | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. Ptsa | Mean ± SD Median (range) or frequency (percentage) |
No. Ptsa | Mean ± SD Median (range) or frequency (percentage) |
||
| Age (years) | 131 | 55.60 ± 10.78 | 110 | 54.55 ± 10.00 | 0.475 |
| Sex (male/female) | 131 | 96 (73.3%)/35 (26.7%) | 110 | 76 (69.1%)/34 (30.9%) | 0.473 |
|
| |||||
| Etiology of liver diseases | |||||
| Hepatitis B virus infection | 131 | 61 (46.6%) | 110 | 42 (38.2%) | 0.190 |
| Hepatitis C virus infection | 131 | 5 (3.8%) | 110 | 14 (12.7%) | 0.011 |
| Alcohol abuse | 131 | 52 (39.7%) | 110 | 40 (36.4%) | 0.596 |
| Drug related | 131 | 11 (8.4%) | 110 | 9 (8.2%) | 0.952 |
| Autoimmune liver diseases | 131 | 7 (5.3%) | 110 | 9 (8.2%) | 0.378 |
|
| |||||
| Clinical presentations at admission | |||||
| Hepatic encephalopathy | 131 | 1 (0.8%) | 110 | 4 (3.6%) | 0.269 |
| Gastrointestinal bleeding | 131 | 56 (42.7%) | 110 | 38 (34.5%) | 0.193 |
| Ascites (no/mild/moderate-severe) | 131 | 54 (41.2%)/52 (39.7%)/25 (19.1%) | 110 | 56 (50.9%)/37 (33.6%)/17 (15.5%) | 0.321 |
|
| |||||
| History | |||||
| History of gastrointestinal bleeding | 131 | 89 (67.9%) | 110 | 71 (64.5%) | 0.579 |
| History of endoscopic variceal therapy | 131 | 83 (63.4%) | 110 | 57 (51.8%) | 0.071 |
| EVL as last endoscopic variceal therapeutic approach | 131 | 73 (55.7%) | 110 | 47 (42.7%) | 0.044 |
| EIS as last endoscopic variceal therapeutic approach | 131 | 10 (7.6%) | 110 | 10 (9.1%) | 0.683 |
| Interval between last endoscopic variceal therapy and CT (days) | 83 | 322.35 ± 399.43 188.00 (1.00–1644.00) |
53 | 303.47 ± 328.70 201.00 (3.00–1676.00) |
0.598 |
| NSBBs within 1 month before admission | 111 | 15 (13.5%) | 79 | 16 (20.3%) | 0.215 |
|
| |||||
| Laboratory data | |||||
| Red blood cell (1012/L) | 131 | 3.64 ± 0.96 3.70 (1.59–9.92) |
110 | 3.60 ± 0.82 3.76 (1.51–5.05) |
0.964 |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 131 | 100.87 ± 27.68 101.00 (28.00–181.00) |
110 | 105.80 ± 29.28 106.00 (32.00–159.00) |
0.152 |
| White blood cell (109/L) | 131 | 3.73 ± 2.90 3.20 (0.70–21.60) |
110 | 4.80 ± 3.03 4.30 (1.00–20.80) |
<0.0001 |
| Platelet (109/L) | 131 | 86.65 ± 76.13 68.00 (15.00–681.00) |
110 | 120.42 ± 85.34 91.00 (23.00–470.00) |
<0.0001 |
| Total bilirubin (µmol/L) | 131 | 26.14 ± 25.71 18.50 (5.60–215.30) |
110 | 26.45 ± 27.96 17.60 (6.20–216.50) |
0.614 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 131 | 34.77 ± 6.47 35.30 (14.20–71.40) |
110 | 34.55 ± 5.97 35.15 (19.00–50.60) |
0.766 |
| Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) | 131 | 25.77 ± 15.90 20.95 (4.23–99.13) |
110 | 33.98 ± 39.01 24.33 (4.47–332.50) |
0.119 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | 131 | 37.47 ± 24.15 28.62 (9.63–151.35) |
110 | 45.59 ± 43.11 32.52 (9.74–376.35) |
0.057 |
| Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) | 131 | 100.08 ± 62.67 84.94 (24.35–399.34) |
110 | 124.22 ± 109.93 94.61 (31.00–983.93) |
0.014 |
| γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase (U/L) | 131 | 76.67 ± 193.57 28.60 (9.64–1779.18) |
110 | 107.93 ± 234.39 41.05 (7.49–1680.03) |
0.042 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L) | 131 | 5.65 ± 2.48 5.16 (1.88–20.15) |
110 | 5.82 ± 2.77 5.29 (1.86–18.83) |
0.897 |
| Creatinine (µmol/L) | 131 | 65.57 ± 18.07 62.30 (36.39–178.55) |
110 | 62.74 ± 16.30 58.67 (27.95–112.58) |
0.223 |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 131 | 3.90 ± 0.42 3.91 (2.70–5.87) |
110 | 3.87 ± 0.43 3.97 (2.42–4.96) |
0.950 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 131 | 138.72 ± 2.62 139.00 (127.00–147.70) |
110 | 138.84 ± 3.65 139.55 (118.00–145.20) |
0.194 |
| Prothrombin time (seconds) | 131 | 16.52 ± 2.17 16.20 (12.50–23.10) |
110 | 16.06 ± 2.85 15.20 (12.60–28.00) |
0.005 |
| Activated partial thromboplastin time (seconds) | 131 | 40.86 ± 5.01 40.20 (30.30–58.10) |
110 | 40.39 ± 6.17 39.90 (19.80–71.30) |
0.400 |
| International normalized ratio | 131 | 1.35 ± 0.25 1.31 (1.01–2.56) |
110 | 1.30 ± 0.31 1.22 (0.94–2.77) |
0.005 |
| Child-Pugh score | 131 | 6.77 ± 1.61 6.00 (5.00–12.00) |
110 | 6.69 ± 1.71 6.00 (5.00–13.00) |
0.534 |
| Child-Pugh class (A/B/C) | 131 | 71 (54.2%)/51 (38.9%)/9 (6.9%) | 110 | 60 (54.5%)/42 (38.2%)/8 (7.3%) | 0.988 |
| MELD score | 131 | 6.93 ± 4.21 6.66 (0.03–24.73) |
110 | 5.93 ± 4.77 5.09 (−2.13–27.42) |
0.017 |
| EVs on endoscopyb | 110 | 103 (93.6%) | 99 | 72 (72.7%) | <0.0001 |
| EVNTs on endoscopyb | 109c | 65 (59.6%) | 99 | 39 (39.4%) | 0.002 |
Notes: aECVs could not be evaluated because the venous vessels were not obviously enhanced in 2 patients;bas for the patients who underwent endoscopic variceal therapy, only EVs on endoscopy performed after CT during the same hospitalizations were evaluated; as for the patients who did not undergo endoscopic variceal therapy, EVs on endoscopy performed during the same hospitalizations were evaluated, regardless of the order of CT and endoscopy;cEVNTs could not be evaluated due to the absence of detailed grade of EVs in their endoscopic reports. Pts, patients; SD, standard deviation; EVL, endoscopic variceal ligation; EIS, endoscopic injection sclerotherapy; CT, computed tomography; NSBBs, nonselective beta-blockers; MELD, model for end stage of liver disease; EVs, esophageal varices; ECVs, esophageal collateral veins.