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. 2022 Jan 4;2022:6666791. doi: 10.1155/2022/6666791

Table 3.

Univariate and multivariate analysis for risk factors for ECVs.

Variables No. Ptsa Univariate analysis Multivariate analysis
Odds ratio 95% CI p value Odds ratio 95% CI p value
Age (Years) 241 1.010 0.985–1.035 0.436      
Sex (male) 241 1.227 0.701–2.148 0.474      
Etiology of liver diseases
Hepatitis B virus infection 241 1.411 0.843–2.363 0.191      
Hepatitis C virus infection 241 0.272 0.095–0.782 0.016 0.250 0.074–0.846 0.026
Alcohol abuse 241 1.152 0.683–1.943 0.596      
Drug related 241 1.029 0.410–2.581 0.952      
Autoimmune liver diseases 241 0.634 0.228–1.760 0.381      
Clinical presentations at admission
Hepatic encephalopathy 241 0.204 0.022–1.851 0.158      
Gastrointestinal bleeding 241 1.415 0.838–2.388 0.194      
Ascites 241 1.479 0.887–2.464 0.133      
History
History of gastrointestinal bleeding 241 1.164 0.681–1.989 0.597      
History of endoscopic variceal therapy 241 1.608 0.960–2.693 0.071      
EVL alone as last endoscopic variceal therapeutic approach 241 1.687 1.012–2.814 0.045 1.929 1.016–3.661 0.044
EIS alone as last endoscopic variceal therapeutic approach 241 0.826 0.331–2.065 0.683      
Interval between last endoscopic variceal therapy and CT (days) 136 1.000 0.999–1.001 0.772      
NSBBs within 1 month before admission 190 0.615 0.284–1.332 0.218      
Laboratory data
Red blood cell (1012/L) 241 1.060 0.798–1.408 0.687      
Hemoglobin (g/L) 241 0.994 0.985–1.003 0.181      
White blood cell (109/L) 241 0.876 0.793–0.968 0.010      
Platelet (109/L) 241 0.994 0.990–0.998 0.003 0.993 0.988–0.998 0.008
Total bilirubin (µmol/L) 241 1.000 0.990–1.009 0.928      
Albumin (g/L) 241 1.006 0.966–1.048 0.777      
Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) 241 0.987 0.975–1.000 0.043 0.989 0.973–1.004 0.152
Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) 241 0.992 0.983–1.001 0.084      
Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) 241 0.996 0.992–1.000 0.047 1.000 0.996–1.004 0.966
γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase (U/L) 241 0.999 0.998–1.001 0.274      
Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L) 241 0.976 0.886–1.075 0.623      
Creatinine (µmol/L) 241 1.010 0.994–1.026 0.209      
Potassium (mmol/L) 241 1.227 0.670–2.244 0.508      
Sodium (mmol/L) 241 0.988 0.910–1.072 0.763      
Prothrombin time (seconds) 241 1.078 0.970–1.198 0.162      
Activated partial thromboplastin time (seconds) 241 1.015 0.970–1.063 0.517      
International normalized ratio 241 2.007 0.765–5.262 0.157      
Child-Pugh score 241 1.030 0.883–1.202 0.707      
MELD score 241 1.053 0.992–1.117 0.088 1.061 0.987–1.140 0.110
EVs on endoscopyb 209 5.518 2.279–13.358 <0.0001      
EVNTs on endoscopyb 208c 2.273 1.304–3.962 0.004 2.422 1.297–4.522 0.006

Notes: aECVs could not be evaluated because the venous vessels were not obviously enhanced in 2 patients; bas for the patients who underwent endoscopic variceal therapy, only EVs on endoscopy performed after CT during the same hospitalizations were evaluated; as for the patients who did not undergo endoscopic variceal therapy, EVs on endoscopy performed during the same hospitalizations were evaluated, regardless of the order of CT and endoscopy; cEVNTs could not be evaluated due to the absence of detailed grade of EVs in their endoscopic reports. CI, confidence interval; EVL, endoscopic variceal ligation; EIS, endoscopic injection sclerotherapy; CT, computed tomography; NSBBs, nonselective beta-blockers; MELD, model for end stage of liver disease; EVs, esophageal varices; ECVs, esophageal collateral veins.