Table 4.
Comparison of patients with previous endoscopic variceal therapy between ECVs and no ECVs groups.
| Variables | ECVs | No ECVs | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. Ptsa | Mean ± SD Median (range) or frequency (percentage) |
No. Ptsa | Mean ± SD Median (range) or frequency (percentage) |
||
| Age (Years) | 83 | 57.38 ± 10.38 | 57 | 54.44 ± 10.53 | 0.150 |
| Sex (male) | 83 | 64 (77.1%) | 57 | 36 (63.2%) | 0.073 |
|
| |||||
| Etiology of liver diseases | |||||
| Hepatitis B virus infection | 83 | 44 (53.0%) | 57 | 23 (40.4%) | 0.141 |
| Hepatitis C virus infection | 83 | 2 (2.4%) | 57 | 9 (15.8%) | 0.010 |
| Alcohol abuse | 83 | 31 (37.3%) | 57 | 17 (29.8%) | 0.357 |
| Drug related | 83 | 3 (3.6%) | 57 | 4 (7.0%) | 0.608 |
| Autoimmune liver diseases | 83 | 4 (4.8%) | 57 | 7 (12.3%) | 0.196 |
|
| |||||
| Clinical presentations at admission | |||||
| Hepatic encephalopathy | 83 | 0 (0.0%) | 57 | 2 (3.5%) | 0.164 |
| Gastrointestinal bleeding | 83 | 32 (38.6%) | 57 | 15 (26.3%) | 0.132 |
| Ascites (no/mild/moderate-severe) | 83 | 36 (43.4%)/36 (43.4%)/11 (13.3%) | 57 | 27 (47.4%)/23 (40.4%)/7 (12.3%) | 0.897 |
|
| |||||
| History | |||||
| History of gastrointestinal bleeding | 83 | 72 (86.7%) | 57 | 55 (96.5%) | 0.051 |
| EVL as last endoscopic variceal therapeutic approach | 83 | 73 (88.0%) | 57 | 47 (82.5%) | 0.361 |
| EIS as last endoscopic variceal therapeutic approach | 83 | 10 (12.0%) | 57 | 10 (17.5%) | 0.361 |
| Interval between last endoscopic variceal therapy and CT (Days) | 83 | 322.35 ± 399.43 188.00 (1.00–1644.00) |
53 | 303.47 ± 328.70 201.00 (3.00–1676.00) |
0.598 |
| NSBBs within 1 month before admission | 76 | 15 (19.7%) | 43 | 15 (34.9%) | 0.068 |
|
| |||||
| Laboratory data | |||||
| Red blood cell (1012/L) | 83 | 3.70 ± 0.80 3.78 (1.77–5.49) |
57 | 3.69 ± 0.78 3.84 (1.51–4.94) |
0.973 |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 83 | 102.88 ± 25.40 104.00 (46.00–161.00) |
57 | 104.30 ± 26.21 106.00 (32.00–153.00) |
0.722 |
| White blood cell (109/L) | 83 | 3.54 ± 1.95 3.30 (1.20–11.90) |
57 | 4.43 ± 2.65 3.80 (1.30–15.20) |
0.036 |
| Platelet (109/L) | 83 | 86.96 ± 64.64 68.00 (15.00–457.00) |
57 | 115.98 ± 80.36 86.00 (23.00–448.00) |
0.014 |
| Total bilirubin (µmol/L) | 83 | 22.00 ± 13.42 17.10 (7.60–78.20) |
57 | 21.99 ± 14.41 17.60 (8.80–92.60) |
0.916 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 83 | 35.41 ± 6.59 35.60 (21.50–71.40) |
57 | 34.95 ± 4.95 35.20 (23.10–45.60) |
0.620 |
| Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) | 83 | 22.97 ± 10.76 20.95 (6.78–54.73) |
57 | 27.21 ± 18.56 21.93 (4.52–113.78) |
0.346 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | 83 | 33.51 ± 19.23 27.81 (9.63–130.22) |
57 | 37.23 ± 18.36 31.28 (17.22–118.28) |
0.045 |
| Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) | 83 | 88.02 ± 49.41 79.00 (24.35–351.33) |
57 | 120.61 ± 68.41 98.96 (45.45–466.34) |
<0.0001 |
| γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase (U/L) | 83 | 44.40 ± 54.54 23.49 (9.64–357.32) |
57 | 84.54 ± 221.41 39.14 (7.49–1680.03) |
0.008 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L) | 83 | 5.93 ± 2.87 5.33 (1.88–20.15) |
57 | 5.81 ± 2.43 5.28 (1.88–14.69) |
0.966 |
| Creatinine (µmol/L) | 83 | 64.26 ± 12.94 62.12 (36.39–108.80) |
57 | 58.78 ± 14.12 56.99 (34.51–109.21) |
0.010 |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 83 | 3.92 ± 0.37 3.86 (3.34–5.87) |
57 | 3.94 ± 0.42 3.99 (2.76–4.96) |
0.289 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 83 | 138.66 ± 2.11 138.70 (133.40–147.70) |
57 | 138.78 ± 3.41 139.50 (127.50–143.80) |
0.087 |
| Prothrombin time (seconds) | 83 | 16.23 ± 1.84 16.10 (13.50–22.50) |
57 | 15.97 ± 2.32 15.40 (12.80–25.20) |
0.160 |
| Activated partial thromboplastin time (seconds) | 83 | 40.13 ± 4.42 39.70 (33.30–54.10) |
57 | 40.58 ± 5.93 39.60 (32.80–71.30) |
0.966 |
| International normalized ratio | 83 | 1.33 ± 0.23 1.30 (1.06–2.56) |
57 | 1.30 ± 0.25 1.23 (0.98–2.41) |
0.212 |
| Child-Pugh score | 83 | 6.51 ± 1.27 6.00 (5.00–11.00) |
57 | 6.47 ± 1.35 6.00 (5.00–11.00) |
0.809 |
| Child-Pugh class (A/B/C) | 83 | 48 (57.8%)/34 (41.0%)/1 (1.2%) | 57 | 32 (56.1%)/22 (38.6%)/3 (5.3%) | 0.366 |
| MELD score | 83 | 6.33 ± 3.51 6.66 (0.48–15.42) |
57 | 5.15 ± 4.24 4.28 (−1.32–19.38) |
0.018 |
| EVs on endoscopyb | 62 | 57 (91.9%) | 46 | 39 (84.8%) | 0.242 |
| EVNTs on endoscopyb | 62 | 27 (43.5%) | 46 | 12 (26.1%) | 0.062 |
Notes: aECVs could not be evaluated because the venous vessels were not obviously enhanced in 1 patient; bas for the patients who underwent endoscopic variceal therapy, only EVs on endoscopy performed after CT during the same hospitalizations were evaluated; as for the patients who did not undergo endoscopic variceal therapy, EVs on endoscopy performed during the same hospitalizations were evaluated, regardless of the order of CT and endoscopy. Pts, patients; SD, standard deviation; EVL, endoscopic variceal ligation; EIS, endoscopic injection sclerotherapy; CT, computed tomography; NSBBs, nonselective beta-blockers; MELD, model for end stage of liver disease; EVs, esophageal varices; ECVs, esophageal collateral veins.