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. 2022 Jan 4;2022:6666791. doi: 10.1155/2022/6666791

Table 5.

Univariate and multivariate analysis for risk factors for ECVs in patients with previous endoscopic variceal therapy.

Variables No. Ptsa Univariate analysis Multivariate analysis
Odds ratio 95% CI p value Odds ratio 95% CI p value
Age (years) 140 1.028 0.994–1.062 0.107      
Sex (male) 140 1.965 0.935–4.130 0.075 1.171 0.312–4.391 0.815
Etiology of liver diseases
Hepatitis B virus infection 140 1.668 0.843–3.300 0.142      
Hepatitis C virus infection 140 0.132 0.027–0.635 0.012 NA NA 0.999
Alcohol abuse 140 1.403 0.682–2.885 0.358      
Drug related 140 0.497 0.107–2.310 0.372      
Autoimmune liver diseases 140 0.362 0.101–1.299 0.119      
Clinical presentations at admission
Hepatic encephalopathy 140 NA NA 0.999      
Gastrointestinal bleeding 140 1.757 0.841–3.671 0.134      
Ascites 140 1.175 0.597–2.313 0.641      
History
History of gastrointestinal bleeding 140 0.238 0.051–1.118 0.069 NA NA 0.999
EVL alone as last endoscopic variceal therapeutic approach 140 1.553 0.601–4.016 0.364      
EIS alone as last endoscopic variceal therapeutic approach 140 0.644 0.249–1.665 0.364      
Interval between last endoscopic variceal therapy and CT (days) 136 1.000 0.999–1.001 0.772      
NSBBs within 1 month before admission 119 0.459 0.197–1.068 0.071 0.294 0.091–0.957 0.042
Laboratory data
Red blood cell (1012/L) 140 1.028 0.670–1.578 0.899      
Hemoglobin (g/L) 140 0.998 0.985–1.011 0.747      
White blood cell (109/L) 140 0.840 0.717–0.984 0.031      
Platelet (109/L) 140 0.994 0.989–0.999 0.027 0.993 0.983–1.003 0.157
Total bilirubin (µmol/L) 140 1.000 0.976–1.025 0.997      
Albumin (g/L) 140 1.013 0.956–1.073 0.654      
Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) 140 0.979 0.955–1.004 0.102      
Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) 140 0.990 0.972–1.008 0.258      
Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) 140 0.989 0.982–0.997 0.004 0.997 0.989–1.006 0.536
γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase (U/L) 140 0.996 0.990–1.002 0.204      
Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L) 140 1.018 0.896–1.156 0.784      
Creatinine (µmol/L) 140 1.033 1.005–1.062 0.022      
Potassium (mmol/L) 140 0.867 0.361–2.080 0.749      
Sodium (mmol/L) 140 0.983 0.867–1.115 0.794      
Prothrombin time (seconds) 140 1.066 0.899–1.264 0.461      
Activated partial thromboplastin time (seconds) 140 0.983 0.920–1.050 0.609      
International normalized ratio 140 1.725 0.392–7.590 0.471      
Child-Pugh score 140 1.020 0.785–1.324 0.885      
MELD score 140 1.088 0.990–1.196 0.079 1.232 0.982–1.544 0.071
EVs on endoscopyb 108 2.046 0.605–6.915 0.249      
EVNTs on endoscopyb 108 2.186 0.955–5.001 0.064 2.931 0.879–9.780 0.080

Notes: aECVs could not be evaluated because the venous vessels were not obviously enhanced in 1 patient; bas for the patients who underwent endoscopic variceal therapy, only EVs on endoscopy performed after CT during the same hospitalizations were evaluated; as for the patients who did not undergo endoscopic variceal therapy, EVs on endoscopy performed during the same hospitalizations were evaluated, regardless of the order of CT and endoscopy. CI, confidence interval; EVL, endoscopic variceal ligation; EIS, endoscopic injection sclerotherapy; CT, computed tomography; NSBBs, nonselective beta-blockers; MELD, model for end stage of liver disease; EVs, esophageal varices; ECVs, esophageal collateral veins; NA, not available.