Table 6.
Comparison of patients without previous endoscopic variceal therapy between ECVs and no ECVs groups.
| Variables | ECVs | No ECVs | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. Ptsa | Mean ± SD Median (range) or frequency (percentage) |
No. Ptsa | Mean ± SD Median (range) or frequency (percentage) |
||
| Age (Years) | 48 | 52.52 ± 10.88 | 53 | 54.67 ± 9.51 | 0.348 |
| Sex (male) | 48 | 32 (66.7%) | 53 | 40 (75.5%) | 0.329 |
|
| |||||
| Etiology of liver diseases | |||||
| Hepatitis B virus infection | 48 | 17 (35.4%) | 53 | 19 (35.8%) | 0.964 |
| Hepatitis C virus infection | 48 | 3 (6.2%) | 53 | 5 (9.4%) | 0.824 |
| Alcohol abuse | 48 | 21 (43.8%) | 53 | 23 (4.34%) | 0.971 |
| Drug related | 48 | 8 (16.7%) | 53 | 5 (9.4%) | 0.278 |
| Autoimmune liver diseases | 48 | 3 (6.2%) | 53 | 2 (3.8%) | 0.909 |
|
| |||||
| Clinical presentations at admission | |||||
| Hepatic encephalopathy | 48 | 1 (2.1%) | 53 | 2 (3.8%) | 1.000 |
| Gastrointestinal bleeding | 48 | 24 (50.0%) | 53 | 23 (43.4%) | 0.506 |
| Ascites (no/mild/moderate-severe) | 48 | 18 (37.5%)/16 (33.3%)/14 (29.2%) | 53 | 29 (54.7%)/14 (26.4%)/10 (18.9%) | 0.209 |
|
| |||||
| History | |||||
| History of gastrointestinal bleeding | 48 | 17 (35.4%) | 53 | 16 (30.2%) | 0.576 |
| NSBBs within 1 month before admission | 35 | 0 (0.0%) | 36 | 1 (2.8%) | 1.000 |
|
| |||||
| Laboratory data | |||||
| Red blood cell (1012/L) | 48 | 3.56 ± 1.20 3.51 (1.59–9.92) |
53 | 3.51 ± 0.87 3.71 (1.91–5.05) |
0.897 |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 48 | 97.40 ± 31.20 96.00 (28.00–181.00) |
53 | 107.42 ± 32.45 106.00 (37.00–159.00) |
0.103 |
| White blood cell (109/L) | 48 | 4.05 ± 4.06 3.15 (0.70–21.60) |
53 | 5.19 ± 3.38 4.5.0 (1.00–20.80) |
0.002 |
| Platelet (109/L) | 48 | 86.10 ± 93.50 66.50 (26.00–681.00) |
53 | 125.19 ± 90.92 98.00 (30.00–470.00) |
0.003 |
| Total bilirubin (µmol/L) | 48 | 33.30 ± 37.83 20.95 (5.60–215.30) |
53 | 31.24 ± 37.02 19.30 (6.20–216.50) |
0.324 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 48 | 33.68 ± 6.16 33.65 (14.20–45.10) |
53 | 34.11 ± 6.92 34.60 (19.00–50.60) |
0.916 |
| Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) | 48 | 30.61 ± 21.43 21.24 (4.23–99.13) |
53 | 41.26 ± 52.10 28.57 (4.47–332.50) |
0.395 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | 48 | 44.33 ± 29.87 32.20 (15.35–151.35) |
53 | 54.57 ± 58.09 38.96 (8.74–376.35) |
0.589 |
| Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) | 48 | 120.94 ± 76.83 94.56 (33.00–399.34) |
53 | 128.10 ± 142.35 83.00 (31.00–983.93) |
0.395 |
| γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase (U/L) | 48 | 132.48 ± 305.66 41.52 (11.42–1779.18) |
53 | 133.09 ± 247.23 41.56 (8.23–1283.03) |
0.903 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L) | 48 | 5.16 ± 1.52 4.99 (2.31–9.53) |
53 | 5.83 ± 3.12 5.29 (1.86–18.83) |
0.799 |
| Creatinine (µmol/L) | 48 | 67.84 ± 24.56 63.03 (37.66–178.55) |
53 | 66.99 ± 17.50 64.75 (27.95–112.58) |
0.572 |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 48 | 3.87 ± 0.50 3.94 (2.70–5.19) |
53 | 3.79 ± 0.43 3.95 (2.42–4.64) |
0.452 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 48 | 138.84 ± 3.35 139.75 (127.00–143.40) |
53 | 138.92 ± 3.92 139.60 (118.00–145.20) |
0.984 |
| Prothrombin time (seconds) | 48 | 17.03 ± 2.60 16.45 (12.50–23.10) |
53 | 16.17 ± 3.34 15.20 (12.60–28.00) |
0.010 |
| Activated partial thromboplastin time (seconds) | 48 | 42.13 ± 5.72 41.90 (30.30–58.10) |
53 | 40.20 ± 6.47 40.10 (19.80–55.30) |
0.134 |
| International normalized ratio | 48 | 1.40 ± 0.27 1.33 (1.01–2.07) |
53 | 1.31 ± 0.36 1.20 (0.94–2.77) |
0.007 |
| Child-Pugh score | 48 | 7.23 ± 1.99 7.00 (5.00–12.00) |
53 | 6.92 ± 2.02 6.00 (5.00–13.00) |
0.350 |
| Child-Pugh class (A/B/C) | 48 | 23 (47.9%)/17 (35.4%)/8 (16.75) | 53 | 28 (52.8%)/20 (37.7%)/5 (9.4%) | 0.554 |
| MELD score | 48 | 7.99 ± 5.09 6.72 (0.03–24.73) |
53 | 6.78 ± 5.19 6.09 (−2.13–27.42) |
0.163 |
| EVs on endoscopy | 48 | 46 (95.8%) | 53 | 33 (62.3%) | <0.0001 |
| EVNTs on endoscopy | 47b | 39 (80.9%) | 53 | 27 (50.9%) | 0.002 |
Notes: aECVs could not be evaluated because the venous vessels were not obviously enhanced in 1 patient; bEVNTs could not be evaluated due to the absence of detailed grade of EVs in their endoscopic reports. Pts, patients; SD, standard deviation; NSBBs, nonselective beta-blockers; MELD, model for end stage of liver disease; EVs, esophageal varices; ECVs, esophageal collateral veins.