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. 2022 Jan 12;97(3):579–599. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.12.017

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Pathophysiology of pulmonary, cardiac, neurological, hematological, renal, gastrointestinal, integumentary, and endocrine effects of post-acute coronavirus disease 2019 and its subsequent clinical manifestations.15,17,28,29,48,78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94 BBB = blood brain barrier; ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme; ACE2 = angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; AKI = acute kidney injury; APOL1 = apolipoprotein L1; COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019; DAMP = damage-associated molecular patterns; DKA = diabetic ketoacidosis; ECM = extracellular matrix; HIF-1 = hypoxia-inducible factor 1; HPA = hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal; IL = interleukin; PAMP = pathogen-associated molecular pattern; PNS = peripheral nervous system; TGF = tumor growth factor; TMPSSR2 = type 2 transmembrane protein; TNF = tumor necrosis factor.