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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nitric Oxide. 2021 Dec 4;119:9–18. doi: 10.1016/j.niox.2021.12.002

Figure 10. Exposure time-dependent mechanisms by which tobacco smoke constituents increase NO metabolism rate.

Figure 10.

TSE (tobacco smoke extract) stimulates VSMCs (vascular smooth muscle cells) to increase ROS (reactive oxygen species) after 4 hours of exposure. SODm, pre-incubation largely blocks this increased NO metabolism with 4 hours of exposure but not after 24 hours. Longer durations of exposure of 24 or 48 hours progressively increase Cygb and also B5/B5R expression. The increased cellular rate of NO metabolism decreases NO bioavailability leading to vascular dysfunction.