Table 5.
Multivariate Analysis of Association Between Severity and Outcome of COVID-19 with Age, Gender, Co-Morbidities and Vit D Insufficiency and Deficiency
| Variable | Severity* | Outcome* | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Severe | Critical | ICU Admission | Ventilation | Death | ||||||
| OR (95% CI) | p-values | OR (95% CI) | P-values | OR (95% CI) | P-values | OR (95% CI) | P-values | OR (95% CI) | P-values | |
| Age | 2.85 (1.2–7.1) | 0.02 | 4.8 (1.7–10) | 0.005 | 0.5 (0.2–1.1) | 0.101 | 8.3 (1.1–15.6) | 0.016 | NA | – |
| Gender | 0.7 (0.3–1.6) | 0.4 | 1.4 (0.5–3.5) | 0.5 | 1.5 (0.8–2.7) | 0.25 | 1.8 (0.7–4.8) | 0.2 | 0.7 (0.3–2.1) | 0.6 |
| DM | 2.5 (1.02–6.1) | 0.04 | 2.4 (0.9–6.4) | 0.09 | 1.9 (1–3.8) | 0.05 | 2.9 (1.1–8.3) | 0.03 | 2.3 (0.7–7.5) | 0.14 |
| HTN | 0.94 (0.32–2.8) | 0.9 | 1.3 (0.4–4) | 0.7 | 1.3 (0.7–2.4) | 0.5 | 2.3 (1–5.5) | 0.06 | 4.8 (1.6–14.4) | 0.003 |
| Cardiac Disease | 0.5 (0.11–1.9) | 0.3 | 0.7 (0.2–3.4) | 0.7 | 1.2 (0.4–3.2) | 0.7 | 1.7 (0.5–5.5) | 0.4 | 4 (1.3–12.8) | 0.012 |
| CKD | 0.6 (0.15–2.1) | 0.4 | 0.4 (0.1–1.8) | 0.3 | 1.4 (0.5–3.9) | 0.5 | 0.9 (0.2–4.2) | 0.9 | 2.5 (0.6–9.6) | 0.2 |
| CRD | 0.81 (0.2–3.8) | 0.79 | 1.9 (0.4–8.9) | 0.4 | 0.6 (0.2–2.2) | 0.4 | 1.1 (0.2–4.9) | 0.9 | 1.6 (0.3–7.9) | 0.5 |
| Insufficient Vitamin D | 1.3 (0.3–4.9) | 0.5 | 0.9 (0.2–4.5) | 0.9 | 0.9 (0.3–2.9) | 0.8 | 0.4 (0.1–2.7) | 0.4 | 0.3 (0.1–3.8) | 0.4 |
| Deficient Vitamin D | 1.1 (0.4–3.5) | 0.7 | 1.8 (0.5–6.8) | 0.4 | 1.8 (0.7–4.7) | 0.2 | 1.5 (0.4–5.6) | 0.51 | 1.7 (0.4–7.7) | 0.5 |
Note: *ORs and p-values were computed by using multinomial logistic regression.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence Interval; OR, odds ratio; HTN, hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CRD, chronic respiratory diseases.