Table 1.
Baseline and clinical characteristics between the study groups.
| I group (n = 35) | LI group (n = 34) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 57 ± 2 | 60 ± 2 | 0.372 |
| Sex (M/F) | 18/17 | 26/8 | 0.030 |
| Patients ≥ 60 years of age, n % | 19 (54) | 19 (56) | 0.894 |
| Previous T2D, n (%) | 25 (71) | 21 (62) | 0.395 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 10 ± 1 | 11 ± 2 | 0.475 |
| Previous comorbidities, n (%) | |||
| Cardiovascular disease | 3 (8) | 1 (3) | 0.319 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 6 (17) | 4 (12) | 0.387 |
| Stroke | 0 (0) | 2 (5) | 0.238 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 3 (9) | 7 (20) | 0.178 |
| Glucose-lowering medications, n (%) | |||
| Insulin | 4 (11) | 5 (15) | 0.900 |
| Metformin | 13 (37) | 16 (47) | 0.373 |
| Sulfonylurea | 4 (11) | 2 (6) | 0.414 |
| HBP, n (%) | 18 (51) | 21 (61) | 0.430 |
| Antihypertensive drugs, n (%) | |||
| ACE inhibitors | 4 (11) | 4 (11) | 0.916 |
| ARAII | 12 (34) | 14 (41) | 0.522 |
| b-Blockers | 6 (17) | 3 (9) | 0.302 |
| Diuretics | 2 (6) | 4 (11) | 0.365 |
| Calcium-channels b | 7 (20) | 6 (18) | 0.807 |
| Clinical score (0–7) | 4.3 ± 0.10 | 4.3 ± 0.09 | 0.873 |
| Weight (kg) | 80 ± 3 | 81 ± 3 | 0.934 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.8 ± 1.2 | 31.1 ± 1.5 | 0.875 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.9 ± 0.3 | 8.4 ± 0.4 | 0.439 |
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 251 ± 15 | 251 ± 21 | 0.993 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 0.505 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 161 ± 8 | 165 ± 9 | 0.722 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 86 ± 5 | 89 ± 8 | 0.783 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 31 ± 2 | 29 ± 2 | 0.409 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 216 ± 15 | 213 ± 16 | 0.894 |
| Lymphocyte count (mu/l) | 903 ± 100 | 981 ± 93 | 0.577 |
| CRP (mg/l) | 146 ± 21 | 131 ± 23 | 0.637 |
| D-dimer (ng/ml) | 663 ± 174 | 1018 ± 266 | 0.256 |
| LDH (units/l) | 478 ± 45 | 445 ± 37 | 0.583 |
| Ferritin (ng/ml) | 675 ± 98 | 889 ± 221 | 0.376 |
| AST (U/l) | 59 ± 13 | 61 ± 12 | 0.904 |
| ALT (U/l) | 49 ± 9 | 56 ± 14 | 0.693 |
| Albumin (g/dl) | 3.1 ± 0.1 | 3.0 ± 0.1 | 0.367 |
| Oxygen saturation (%) | 92 ± 0.7 | 92 ± 0.8 | 0.838 |
Data are mean ± SEM.
CRP C reactive protein, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase.