Table 5.
Literature review of ankylosing spondylitis with spinal fractures
| Study | Total no. of patients | Average age (yr) | Patients with fractures | Total fracture incidents | Fracture location | Complications with rates (%) | Median length of stay (day) | Mortality rate (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teunissen et al. [10] (2017) | 2,089 | 69.3 | 172 | 189 | C: 104 (60.8) | Pneumonia (50.6), respiratory failure (6.4), altered mental status (6.4), UTI (4.3), wound infection (2.1) | 7 (3–15) | 24.6 |
| T: 72 (42.1) | ||||||||
| L: 26 (15.2) | ||||||||
| S: 3 (1.8) | ||||||||
| Longo et al. [11] (2015) | 110 | 59.2 | 86 | 110 | C: 110 (100.0) | Epidural (2.0) hematoma, pneumonia (5.0), infection (4.0), ARDS (2.0) | NA | 21.0 |
| T: 0 | ||||||||
| L: 0 | ||||||||
| S: 0 | ||||||||
| Rustagi et al. [12] (2017) | - | 63.4 | - | - | C: 53.0 | Overall 84.0: (pneumonia, respiratory failure) | NA | 32 |
| T: 41.9 | ||||||||
| L: 18.2 | ||||||||
| S: 1.5 | ||||||||
| Lukasiewicz et al. [9] (2016) | 939 | 68.4 | 939 | 1,076 | C: 53.0 | UTI (9.6), AKI (7), pneumonia (6.3) | NA | 6.6 |
| T: 41.9 | ||||||||
| L: 18.2 | ||||||||
| S: 1.5 | ||||||||
| Sedney et al. [17] (2016) | 38 | 74.0 | 38 | 38 | T: 87.0 | Reoperation (13) | NA | 13 |
| Multilevel: 13.0 | ||||||||
| Moussallem et al. [18] (2016) | 41 | 75.56 | 17 | 17 | C: 0 | Overall 67.5 (wound infection, DVT, PE, pneumonia) | NA | 5.0 |
| T: 30.0 | ||||||||
| L: 65.0 | ||||||||
| S: 2.5 | ||||||||
| Altun et al. [13] (2016) | 30 | 70.4 | 30 | 42 | C: 60.0 | Pseudoarthrosis (3.3), wound infection (3.3), pneumonia (3) | NA | 3.3 |
| T: 33.0 | ||||||||
| L: 3.0 | ||||||||
| S: 4.0 | ||||||||
| Robinson et al. [14] (2015) | 17,297 | 65.7 | 990 | 1131 | C: 53.9 | Pseudoarthrosis, wound infection | NA | 17 |
| T: 36.5 | ||||||||
| L: 25.0 | ||||||||
| S: 6 | ||||||||
| Lu et al. [19] (2013) | 28 | 54.2 | 25 | 25 | C: 7.0 | Overall 66.7 (respiratory failure, empyema, osteomyelitis) | NA | 0 |
| T: 52.0 | ||||||||
| L: 36.0 | ||||||||
| S: 5.0 | ||||||||
| Kouyoumdjian et al. [20] (2012) | 19 | 60.84 | 19 | 19 | C: 100.0 | Hematoma (5.3) | NA | 26 |
| T: 0 | ||||||||
| L: 0 | ||||||||
| S: 0 | ||||||||
| Backhaus et al. [21] (2011) | 119 | 67.0 | 119 | 129 | C: 39.5 | Wound infection (14), Pseudoarthrosis requiring revision (15) | NA | NA |
| T: 42.6 | ||||||||
| L: 17.8 | ||||||||
| S: 0 | ||||||||
| Caron et al. [5] (2010) | 112 | 62.4 | 112 | 122 | C: 55.0 | UTI (35), Wound infection (16), DVT (8) | NA | NA |
| T: 21.0 | ||||||||
| L: 8.0 | ||||||||
| S: 0 | ||||||||
| TL Jxn: 16.0 | ||||||||
| Sapkas et al. [22] (2009) | 20 | 55.4 | 20 | 20 | C: 35.0 | Wound infection (5), Hardware loosening (10) | NA | NA |
| T: 45.0 | ||||||||
| L: 5.0 | ||||||||
| S: 0 | ||||||||
| TL Jxn: 15.0 | ||||||||
| Kanter et al. [23] (2008) | 13 | 60.4 | 13 | 13 | C: 53.8 | Hardware failure (15), neurological decline (8) | NA | 8 |
| T: 46.2 | ||||||||
| L: 0 | ||||||||
| S: 0 | ||||||||
| Thumbikat et al. [24] (2007) | 18 | 56.2 | 18 | 18 | C: 78.0 | Neurologic decline after surgery (17) | 63–204 | 28 |
| T: 14.0 | ||||||||
| L: 5.5 | ||||||||
| S: 5 |
C, cervical; T, thoracic; L, lumbar; S, sacral; PE, pulmonary embolism; ARDS, acure respiratory distress syndrome; UTI, urinary tract infections; NA, not available; AKI, acute kidney injury; DVT, deep venous thrombosis.