Table 1.

Summary of the 39 papers searched in this review

No.	Study	Category	Location of study	Design of study	Period of study	Patients
1	Reinhold et al. [1], (2010)	Thoracolumbar	Germany, Austria	Prospective, multicenter	2002–2003	733
2	Doud et al. [2], (2015)	Thoracolumbar	USA databases: NTDB, NASS, NIS	Retrospective	NTDB 2002–2006, NASS 2000–2011, NIS 1998–2007	Approximately 40,000
3	Jansson et al. [3], (2010)	Thoracolumbar	Sweden	Retrospective	1997–2001	13,496
4	Sixta et al. [4], (2012)	Thoracolumbar	USA	Systematic review	2005–2011	12 Studies
5	Spiegl et al. [6], (2018)	Thoracolumbar	All world	Systematic review	Till 2018	35 Studies
6	Bouyer et al. [7], (2015)	All spine	Multicenter, France	Prospective	2011	580
7	Glennie et al. [8], (2015)	Thoracolumbar	Canada, USA	Retrospective	2009–2013	390
8	Marek et al. [9], (2018)	Thoracolumbar	Minnesota, USA	Retrospective	2008–2013	138
9	Oliver et al. [10], (2012)	All spine	California, USA	Retrospective	1996–2008	2,562
10	Katsuura et al. [11], (2016)	Thoracolumbar	All world	Meta-analysis	1980–2014	21 Studies
11	Li et al. [12], (2019)	Thoracolumbar	Tianjin, China	Retrospective	2006–2015	132
12	Liu et al. [13], (2018)	All spine	China National Database	Retrospective	2014	168
13	Wang et al. [14], (2012)	All spine	China	Retrospective	2001–2010	3,142
14	Aldosari et al. [15], (2019)	All spine	Saudi Arabia	Prospective	2016–2017	120
15	Brito et al. [16], (2011)	All spine	Sao Luis, Brazil	Retrospective	2008–2009	87
16	Yousefzadeh et al. [17], (2010)	All spine	Iran	Retrospective	2005–2006	245
17	Mathur et al. [18], (2015)	All spine	Jaipur, India	Retrospective	2000–2008	2,716
18	Khurjekar et al. [19], (2015)	Thoracolumbar	India	Prospective	2009–2012	92
19	Chua et al. [20], (2018)	All spine	Cambodia	Retrospective	2013–2016	277
20	Saul and Dresing [21] (2018)	All spine	Germany	Retrospective	1998–2014	546 Pediatric cases
21	Dauleac et al. [22], (2019)	All spine	Lyon, France	Retrospective	2005–2016	73 Children
22	Falavigna et al. [23], (2018)	All spine	Brazil	Retrospective	Not mentioned	215 Children
23	Babu et al. [24], (2017)	All spine	Bengaluru, India	Retrospective	2002–2014	196 Children
24	Ernat et al. [25], (2016)	All spine	Dallas, USA	Retrospective	2003–2011	97 Children < 10 years
25	Jauregui et al. [26], (2019)	All spine	USA National Database	Retrospective	2000–2012	116 Child abuse
26	Satyarthee et al. [27], (2017)	Thoracolumbar	India	Retrospective	2008–2012	312 Children
27	Mukherjee et al. [28], (2016)	Thoracolumbar	USA	Retrospective	1996–2011	299
28	Pintar et al. [31], (2012)	Thoracolumbar	USA	Retrospective	1993–2010	204 Traffic accidents with front crash
29	Beck et al. [32], (2016)	All spine	Victoria, Australia	Retrospective	2000–2010	29 Rear-seat occupants
30	Javadi and Naderi [33], (2013)	All spine	Iran	Retrospective	2011	50 Fall from walnut tree
31	Hasler et al. [34], (2012)	All spine	Switzerland	Retrospective	2000–2009	89 Extreme sports
32	Bigdon et al. [35], (2019)	All spine	All world	Systematic review	1994–2012	Winter sports skiing and snowboarding
33	Gosteli et al. [36], (2016)	Thoracolumbar	Switzerland	Retrospective	1998–2008	616 Extreme sports
34	Kane et al. [37], (2015)	All spine	USA	Retrospective	2008–2010	60 Water sports
35	Jakoi et al. [38], (2015)	All spine	Systematic review	Meta-analysis	Not restricted	Gunshot injuries
36	Formby et al. [39], (2015)	All spine	USA	Retrospective	2003–2013	24 War Injuries
37	Eardley et al. [40], (2012)	All spine	UK, Iraq, Afghanistan	Retrospective	2005–2009	57 War injuries
38	Freedman et al. [41], (2014)	Thoraco-lumbar	USA, Germany, Iraq, Afghanistan	Retrospective	2007–2010	65 War injuries
39	de Melo-Neto et al. [42], (2017)	All spine	Sao Paulo, Brazil	Retrospective	2008–2012	62 Elderly > 60 years

NTDB, National Trauma Databank; NASS, National Automotive Sampling System; NIS, National Inpatient Sample.