Table 2.
Characteristics of patients who developed pulmonary cement embolisms
| Case No. | Sex/age (yr) | BMD | Diagnosis | Surgical procedure | Type of screws | Augmented level | Location of PCE | Symptoms |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | F/56 | -3.6 | OVCF | PVP | - | L1 | Bilateral lungs | None |
| 2 | F/60 | -3.0 | OVCF | PVP | - | T12, L3, L4 | Right lung | None |
| 3 | F/78 | -3.5 | OVCF | PKP | - | L3 | Bilateral lungs | None |
| 4 | F/71 | -3.1 | OVCF | PKP | - | T6, T8 | Right lung | None |
| 5 | F/80 | -4.9 | OVCF | PVP | - | T7, T10 | Bilateral lungs | None |
| 6 | F/85 | -4.1 | OVCF | PKP | - | L1 | Right lung | None |
| 7 | F/73 | -4.2 | OVCF | PKP | - | T12 | Bilateral lungs | None |
| 8 | F/58 | -2.8 | OVCF | PVP | - | L4 | Right lung | None |
| 9 | F/81 | -6.6 | OVCF | PVP | - | T11 | Right lung | None |
| 10 | F/77 | -3.7 | OVCF | PVP | - | T10, T11 | Right lung | None |
| 11 | F/76 | -2.2 | OVCF | PVP | - | L4 | Bilateral lungs | Chest tightness, chest pain |
| 12 | F/67 | -2.8 | OVCF | PVP | - | L4 | Bilateral lungs | None |
| 13 | F/72 | -3.3 | OVCF | PVP | - | T4, T5, T7 | Bilateral lungs | None |
| 14 | F/88 | -4.0 | OVCF | PVP | - | L2 | Right lung | None |
| 15 | F/78 | -4.7 | OVCF | PVP | - | T4 | Right lung | None |
| 16 | F/92 | -4.0 | OVCF | PVP | - | T12, L1, L5 | Right lung | None |
| 17 | F/56 | -5.3 | OVCF | PVP | - | T8, T11, L1 | Bilateral lungs | None |
| 18 | M/87 | -4.2 | OVCF | PVP | - | L2 | Right lung | None |
| 19 | F/62 | -4.9 | OVCF | PVP | - | T10, T11, L1 | Right lung | None |
| 20 | M/83 | -3.9 | OVCF | PVP | - | T10 | Right lung | None |
| 21 | F/83 | -4.7 | OVCF | PVP | - | T7 | Right lung | None |
| 22 | M/62 | -1.3 | OVCF | PVP | - | T12 | Bilateral lungs | Hypoxemia |
| 23 | F/84 | -2.6 | OVCF+KD | CAPSI+PVP | Solid | T11– L1 | Bilateral lungs | Blood pressure fluctuations |
| 24 | F/84 | -4.1 | LS+LSS | CAPSI | Solid | L4, L5 | Right lung | Fever, dyspnea, expectoration |
| 25 | F/67 | -4.1 | LSS | CAPSI | Fenestrated | L4–S1 | Right lung | None |
| 26 | F/62 | -4.0 | LS+LSS | CAPSI | Fenestrated | L4 | Right lung | None |
| 27 | F/78 | -3.5 | LSS | CAPSI | Fenestrated | L3–L5 | Right lung | Dyspnea, hypoxemia |
| 28 | F/73 | -4.3 | OVCF | CAPSI | Fenestrated | L2–L5 | Right lung | None |
| 29 | F/53 | -3.1 | OVCF+KD | CAPSI | Fenestrated | T10, T11, L1, L2 | Right lung | None |
| 30 | F/54 | -3.2 | LSS | CAPSI | Fenestrated | L4, L5 | Right lung | None |
| 31 | F/65 | -3.5 | LS+LSS | CAPSI | Solid | L4, L5 | Right lung | None |
| 32 | F/65 | -2.9 | DS+LSS | CAPSI | Solid | L1–5 | Right lung | None |
BMD, bone mineral density; PCE, pulmonary cement embolism; OVCF, osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures; PVP, percutaneous vertebroplasty; PKP, percutaneous kyphoplasty; KD, kyphotic deformity; CAPSI, cement-augmented pedicle screw instrumentation; LS, lumbar spondylolisthesis; LSS, lumbar spinal stenosis; DS, degenerative scoliosis.