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. 2021 Aug 12;19(1):23–32. doi: 10.1038/s41423-021-00735-3

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — IFNγ signaling pathway genes. IFNγ binds to the IFNγ receptor (IFNGR) complex, recruiting JAK1 and JAK2 to the receptor complex and inducing the subsequent phosphorylation of STAT1. Then, phosphorylated STAT1 dimers translocate to the nucleus and induce the transcription of ISGs (interferon-stimulated genes) by binding GAS (IFN gamma-activated sequences) in the gene promotors. The IFNγ signaling pathway can be regulated at the epigenetic, transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and posttranslational levels