Table 2.
Ongoing clinical trials of checkpoint inhibitor combination therapy in colorectal cancer
| Combined agents | Combination | Treatment setting | Study population | Phase | Trial identifier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Checkpoint inhibitor | aPD-1 + aCTLA-4 | Nivolumab + ipilimumab |
Metastatic colorectal cancer MSI-H colorectal cancer |
Phase II | NCT04730544 |
| Chemotherapy | Chemotherapy + aPD-1 | Pemetrexed + oxaliplatin + dexamethasone + pembrolizumab + dietary supplement (folic acid + vitamin B-12) | Metastatic colorectal cancer | Phase I | NCT03626922 |
| Chemotherapy + aPD-L1 | 5-FU + avelumab | MSI-H colon cancer | Phase III | NCT03827044 | |
| Chemoradiation + aPD-L1 | 5-FU + capecitabine Pill + radiotherapy + avelumab + surgical resection | Locally advanced rectal cancer | Phase II | NCT03299660 | |
| Radiotherapy | Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy + aPD-L1 | SABR + atezolizumab | Colorectal cancer | Phase II | NCT02992912 |
| Radiotherapy + aPD-1 | Radiotherapy + radiofrequency ablation + pembrolizumab | Metastatic colorectal cancer | Phase II | NCT02437071 | |
| Radiotherapy + chemotherapy + aPD-1 | Radiotherapy + capecitabine + durvalumab | Rectal cancer | Phase II | NCT04083365 | |
| Target therapy | VEGFR inhibitor + aPD-L1 | Cabozantinib + durvalumab | Colorectal cancer | Phase I/II | NCT03539822 |
| VEGF inhibitor + aPD-L1 + PARP inhibitor | Cediranib + MEDI4736 + olaparib | Colorectal cancer | Phase I/II | NCT02484404 | |
| EGFR inhibitor + aPD-L1 + chemotherapy | Cetuximab + avelumab + irinotecan | MSS refractory metastatic colorectal cancer | Phase II | NCT03608046 | |
| DNMT inhibitor | DNMT inhibitor + aPD-1 | Azacytidine +pembrolizumab | Metastatic colorectal cancer | Phase II | NCT02260440 |
| Cancer vaccine | Cancer vaccine + aPD-1 | Galinpepimut-S + pembrolizumab | Colorectal cancer | Phase I/II | NCT03761914 |
| Monoclonal microbial | Monoclonal microbial + aPD-1 | EDP1503 vs EDP1503 + pembrolizumab | Metastatic colorectal cancer | Phase I/II | NCT03775850 |