Table 5.
ORs (with 95% CI) from unadjusted logistic regression models for an increase of 5 points or more on eight-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8) between pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 lockdown surveys for White British and Pakistani heritage mothers
| Exposure | White British | Pakistani heritage | ||||
| OR | Low 95% CI | High 95% CI | OR | Low 95% CI | High 95% CI | |
| Financial security (Reference: Living comfortably) | ||||||
| Doing alright | 2.00 | 1.12 | 3.56 | 1.70 | 0.88 | 3.27 |
| Just about getting by | 3.98 | 2.15 | 7.38 | 3.03 | 1.56 | 5.88 |
| Finding it quite/very difficult | 12.14 | 5.15 | 28.60 | 5.79 | 2.90 | 11.56 |
| Food security (Reference: Secure) | ||||||
| Insecure | 3.73 | 1.58 | 8.77 | 4.13 | 2.08 | 8.17 |
| Housing security (Reference: Secure) | ||||||
| Insecure | 4.14 | 2.07 | 8.29 | 3.20 | 1.99 | 5.16 |
| Loneliness (Reference: Not lonely) | ||||||
| Lonely most/all of the time | 7.17 | 3.66 | 14.01 | 11.22 | 6.45 | 19.53 |
| Social support (Reference: Easy to get support) | ||||||
| Not easy | 2.08 | 1.39 | 3.10 | 2.20 | 1.54 | 3.14 |
| Quality of relationship with partner (Reference: Excellent) | ||||||
| Good | 1.68 | 1.02 | 2.77 | 1.76 | 1.15 | 2.68 |
| Average to very poor | 2.61 | 1.31 | 5.20 | 4.91 | 2.78 | 8.67 |
| Total household size (Reference: Less than 4) | ||||||
| 4 or 5 | 0.69 | 0.44 | 1.07 | 0.61 | 0.35 | 1.05 |
| 6 or more | 0.91 | 0.47 | 1.73 | 0.54 | 0.31 | 0.94 |
| Frequency of physical activity (Reference: Every day) | ||||||
| Never | 5.54 | 2.69 | 11.43 | 3.34 | 1.88 | 5.92 |
| 1 or 2 days/week | 1.97 | 1.15 | 3.37 | 2.05 | 1.22 | 3.47 |
| Most days a week | 1.33 | 0.81 | 2.17 | 2.08 | 1.21 | 3.58 |