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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jan 12.
Published in final edited form as: Space Sci Rev. 2020 Oct 26;216:122. doi: 10.1007/s11214-020-00751-1

Fig. 17.

Fig. 17

Comparison of Cassini UVIS observations with Voyager observations and with a 3-D general circulation model. The model result is represented by the smooth dot-dashed line, and it is significantly low (colder) equatorward of ±60° in both hemispheres. The problem is that the air from the Polar Regions, heated by auroral currents, cools before it reaches the lower latitudes. What keeps it warm is an ongoing mystery (Koskinen et al. 2015)