Table 4.
Comparison of normalized subcortical brain structure volumes in mm3 in AIS and PVI children at different bimanual motor outcome levels of the MACS scale
| Structure normalized [mm3] | AIS n = 16 |
PVI n = 18 |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MACS | I n = 6 |
II n = 3 |
III-IV n = 7 |
p-value | I n = 5 |
II n = 8 |
III-IV n = 5 |
p value |
| mean (95% CI) or median (IQR)* | mean (95% CI) or median (IQR)* | mean (95% CI) or median (IQR)* | mean (95% CI) | mean (95% CI) | mean (95% CI) | |||
| Thalamus, ipsilesional |
9919 (8758–11,080) |
9945 (7865–12,025) |
5485 (2991–7980) |
0.003 #$ |
10,649 (8721–12,577) |
9162 (8578–9746) |
6895 (4187–9603) |
0.004 #$ |
| Thalamus, contralesional |
10,110 (9643–10,307)* |
10,237 (10227–11,289)* |
10,291 (9587–10,988)* |
0.861 * |
11,371 (10364–12,378) |
10,544 (9830–11,258) |
10,190 (9709–10,672) |
0.062 |
| Caudate nucleus, ipsilesional |
5266 (4345–6186) |
5872 (2560–9183) |
4182 (2449–5915) |
0.355 |
5416 (4205–6628) |
4801 (4218–5383) |
4067 (2769–5364) |
0.082 |
| Caudate nucleus, contralesional |
5506 (4761–6252) |
5987 (4539–7435) |
6235 (5211–7258) |
0.372 |
5664 (4678–6649) |
5825 (5178–6472) |
5787 (4954–6620) |
0.931 |
| Putamen, ipsilesional |
6778 (5926–7629) |
7242 (1967–12,518) |
4314 (1469–7159) |
0.248 |
7099 (5677–8522) |
6984 (6344–7624) |
6505 (5156–7855) |
0.590 |
| Putamen, contralesional |
7171 (6486–7856) |
8140 (5749–10,530) |
8311 (7508–9114) |
0.063 |
7007 (5952–8063) |
7185 (6764–7605) |
7476 (6569–8384) |
0.550 |
| Globus pallidus, ipsilesional |
2324 (2097–2551) |
2148 (974–3322) |
1459 (723–2194) |
0.122 |
2415 (2052–2778) |
2236 (2107–2365) |
1953 (1456–2451) |
0.055 |
| Globus pallidus, contralesional |
2469 (2209–2730) |
2606 (1657–3556) |
2400 (2147–2653) |
0.588 |
2575 (2145–3005) |
2604 (2373–2834) |
2403 (2082–2724) |
0.478 |
| Hippocampus, ipsilesional |
4831 (4252–5410) |
4911 (3044–6778) |
3881 (2874–4888) |
0.120 |
4680 (3787–5573) |
4960 (4631–5288) |
4619 (3518–5720) |
0.604 |
| Hippocampus, contralesional |
5095 (4516–5673) |
4828 (4233–5424) |
5858 (5431–6286) |
0.010 |
5140 (4560–5720) |
5193 (4652–5734) |
5306 (4573–6038) |
0.901 |
| Amygdala, ipsilesional |
1647 (1312–1983) |
1474 (1178–1770) |
1203 (805–1602) |
0.116 |
1567 (1229–1904) |
1602 (1307–1898) |
1402 (981–1824) |
0.565 |
| Amygdala, contralesional |
1705 (1381–2030) |
1679 (985–2374) |
1371 (1025–1716) |
0.196 |
1605 (1135–2074) |
1531 (1264–1799) |
1569 (1317–1821) |
0.918 |
| Nucleus accumbens, ipsilesional |
632 (439–825) |
584 (61–1108) |
407 (245–568) |
0.110 |
664 (451–877) |
786 (675–897) |
603 (243–963) |
0.306 |
| Nucleus accumbens, contralesional |
630 (501–759) |
703 (613–793) |
500 (349–651) |
0.093 |
572 (428–717) |
655 (534–777) |
601 (544–658) |
0.458 |
bold text = significant p-value after FDR correction (using level 0.05, the single comparison cutoff p-value being 0.0042 for the AIS and PVI groups);
# = mean volume difference between subjects with MACS I and III-IV;
$ = mean volume difference between subjects with MACS II and III-IV;
* = absence of normal distribution (Kruskal-Wallis test used instead of ANOVA)