Table 4.

Relations between cytokine levels in plasma of Swedish patients with SLE and autoantibody subgroups

Cytokine	Cluster	Mean	Median (1st‐3rd Quartile), pg/ml	Kruskal‐Wallis Test (df = 3)			Dunn Test
							Cluster 1 a (n = 140; 31.4%)		Cluster 2 b (n = 137; 30.7%)		Cluster 3 c (n = 114; 25.6%)
				χ2	P Value d	FDRp e	P Value d	FDRp e	P Value d	FDRp e	P Value d	FDRp e
IFN‐γ	1	22.0	13.3 (8.21‐23.8)	25.77	1.10 × 10−5	1.50 × 10−4	‐	‐	‐	‐	‐	‐
	2	34.3	13.8 (7.81‐28.9)	‐	‐	‐	0.455	‐	‐	‐	‐	‐
	3	32.5	9.84 (5.83‐18.1)	‐	‐	‐	0.002	0.003	0.002	0.003	‐	‐
	4 f	12.8	7.25 (4.48‐10.9)	‐	‐	‐	1.00 × 10−5	1.00 × 10−4	1.00 × 10−5	1.00 × 10−4	0.043	0.052
IP‐10/CXCL10	1	1947	808 (548‐1571)	23.57	3.10 × 10−5	2.20 × 10−4	‐	‐	‐	‐	‐	‐
	2	1686	858 (447‐1681)	‐	‐	‐	0.17	‐	‐	‐	‐	‐
	3	1502	610 (423‐1614)	‐	‐	‐	0.019	0.028	0.123	‐	‐	‐
	4 f	862	469 (337‐729)	‐	‐	‐	8.00 × 10−7	8.00 × 10−6	1.00 × 10−5	1.00 × 10−4	0.002	0.004
TNF‐α	1	5.53	4.55 (3.35‐6.06)	20.82	1.10 × 10−4	5.40 × 10−4	‐	‐	‐	‐	‐	‐
	2	5.84	5.24 (3.39‐6.54)	‐	‐	‐	0.122	‐	‐	‐	‐	‐
	3	5.91	4.49 (3.23‐6.21)	‐	‐	‐	0.475	‐	0.152	‐	‐	‐
	4 f	4.68	3.01 (2.26‐4.36)	‐	‐	‐	1.00 × 10−4	4.00 × 10−4	9.60 × 10−6	9.00 × 10−5	2.00 × 10−4	3.00 × 10−4
MCP‐1/CCL2	1	152	113 (90.6‐168)	19.22	2.50 × 10−4	8.60 × 10−4	‐	‐	‐	‐	‐	‐
	2	154	122 (82‐151)	‐	‐	‐	0.262	‐	‐	‐	‐	‐
	3	160	118 (85.7‐160)	‐	‐	‐	0.44	‐	0.325	‐	‐	‐
	4 f	98	85.7 (68.3‐108)	‐	‐	‐	1.00 × 10−5	1.00 × 10−4	2.00 × 10−4	3.00 × 10−4	1.00 × 10−4	2.00 × 10−4
IL‐10	1	1.30	0.67 (0.67‐1.13)	16.77	7.90 × 10−4	2.20 × 10−3	‐	‐	‐	‐	‐	‐
	2	2.35	0.81 (0.67‐1.85)	‐	‐	‐	0.0082	0.0246	‐	‐	‐	‐
	3	1.61	0.67 (0.67‐1.34)	‐	‐	‐	0.4581	‐	0.0163	0.0195	‐	‐
	4 f	0.83	0.67 (0.67‐0.73)	‐	‐	‐	0.0128	0.0257	2.00 × 10−5	2.00 × 10−4	0.0131	0.0197
IL‐8	1	8.81	5.48 (3.49‐8.97)	13.27	4.10 × 10−3	9.60 × 10−3	‐	‐	‐	‐	‐	‐
	2	9.03	6 (3.31‐10.3)	‐	‐	‐	0.265	‐	‐	‐	‐	‐
	3	9.35	5.33 (3.18‐9.13)	‐	‐	‐	0.262	‐	0.113	‐	‐	‐
	4 f	4.91	3.6 (2.4‐5.11)	‐	‐	‐	9.00 × 10−4	0.003	2.00 × 10−4	0.001	0.006	0.012
IL‐15	1	3.52	3.06 (2.44‐3.85)	9.87	0.02	0.03	‐	‐	‐	‐	‐	‐
	2	3.54	3 (2.34‐4.10)	‐	‐	‐	0.459	‐	‐	‐	‐	‐
	3	3.97	3.07 (2.29‐4.81)	‐	‐	‐	0.498	‐	0.46	‐	‐	‐
	4 f	2.94	2.45 (2.12‐2.94)	‐	‐	‐	0.002	0.012	0.003	0.006	0.003	0.008
MIP‐1β/CCL4	1	86.6	68.5 (51.4‐105)	10.09	0.02	0.03	‐	‐	‐	‐	‐	‐
	2	93.2	72.7 (50.5‐107)	‐	‐	‐	0.38	‐	‐	‐	‐	‐
	3	105.0	84 (55.2‐121)	‐	‐	‐	0.025	0.076	0.049	0.059	‐	‐
	4 f	76.1	60. 1(47.7‐78.1)	‐	‐	‐	0.048	0.071	0.031	0.062	0.001	0.006

Abbreviations: β₂GP1, β₂ glycoprotein I; CL, cardiolipin; FDR, false discovery rate; RNP, ribonucleoprotein; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; sm, Smith; TNF, tumor necrosis factor

Only significant results are shown here; the full table is disclosed in the Supplementary Table 7.

Swedish patients with SLE (n = 446).

^a Cluster 1 (anti‐Ro/La).

^b Cluster 2 (anti‐nucleosome/Sm/DNA/RNP).

^c Cluster 3 (anti‐β₂GP1/CL IgG/CL–IgM).

^d Nominal P Value.

^e Benjamini and Yekutieli (51) step‐up FDR control.

^f Cluster 4 (negative for 13 autoantibodies); n = 55 (12.3%).