FIG 3.

Results of cognitive behavioral tests. Experimental groups are expressed in abbreviations. LA, L. acidophilus group; LPA, L. paracasei group; LR, L. rhamnosus group; and W, the group fed on tap water (control). (A) Total arm entries during spontaneous alternation test. (B) Spontaneous alternation. It is the representative value of the spontaneous alternation test. (C) Discrimination ratio. It is the representative value of the novel object recognition test. (D) Comparison of the total time to observe two objects. (E) Step-through latency of day 1. (F) Step-through latency of day 2. It is the representative result of the passive avoidance task. (G) Total arm entries during forced alternation test. (H) Forced alternation. This result is a representative value of forced alternation. All comparisons of averages between experimental groups were measured by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Significant difference is presented (*, adjusted P < 0.05).