Spearman’s rank correlation analysis. A correlation analysis was conducted to detect an association among bacterial OTUs, measured cognitive abilities, and fermentation products. The color intensity and circle size show the strength of the correlation. Red color represents a negative correlation, and blue color is a positive correlation. Only circles with adjusted P value under 0.01 are illustrated in the matrix. The results of cognitive ability evaluation were classified by 4 colors: purple, NOR; blue, FA; deep green, PAT; and brown, SA. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01.