Table 1.

PICOS criteria for inclusion of studies

Parameter	Criterion
Population	Adult humans from all health backgrounds
Intervention	Rare sugars (allulose, L-arabinose, D-tagatose, trehalose, or isomaltulose)
Comparison	Common sugars (sucrose, glucose, maltose, or fructose)   Another rare sugar   No sugar
Outcomes	Cardiometabolic and physiological risk factors
Study design	Acute (post-prandial studies) trials   Longer-term (≥1 week duration) trials   Included randomized, non-randomized, and uncontrolled human feeding trials