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. 2022 Jan 12;8(2):eabk1789. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abk1789

Fig. 4. XY chromosomes are synapsed in early/midpachynema but undergo precocious separation from late pachynema in Rad51ap2 mutant spermatocytes.

Fig. 4.

(A) Representative spread spermatocytes stained for SYCP3 (green) and the central element (SIX6OS1, red) in pachynema. X and Y chromosomes are magnified and shown on the right. (B) Representative spread spermatocytes stained for SYCP3 (green) and HORMAD1 (red, localizing only on unsynapsed chromosome axes). Arrows indicate the sex chromosomes. (C) Quantification of nuclei with XY touching in early, mid-, and late pachynema. n, the number of cells scored from at least two mice for each genotype. NS, P > 0.05 and **P < 0.01, two-way ANOVA. For (A) and (B), miniaturized H1t staining (white) images are shown in the left lower corner of the overlay images. Scale bars, 10 μm.