Table 1.
Features of 19 Patients With Listeria monocytogenes-Associated Lymphadenitis
| Reference | Patient No. | Age at Diagnosis, Sex, Underlying Diseases | Clinical and Imaging Features | Blood Cultures | Species and MLST Clonal Complex |
Histopathology | Treatment, Surgery, Antibiotics | Outcome | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Symptoms Duration Before Diagnosis | Localization | Size, Number | Signs of Absces s |
General and Associated Signs | ||||||||
| This study | 1 | 72-year-old man, Essential thrombocythemia, myelofibrosis, chronic neutropenia, unbalanced diabetes, prednisone 7.5 mg/day | 3 weeks | Right cervical and under the chin | Bulky, multiple (CT scan) | No | Pneumonia | Negative |
L monocytogenes
CC121 |
NP | Puncture, amoxicillin (26 days) + gentamicin (5 days) | Two recurrences treated with amoxicillin (3 then 4 weeks). Cure (4 months). Death (1 year). |
| This study | 2 | 63-year-old man, uncontrolled diabetes (glycated hemoglobin 17.4%), tobacco smoke, alcoholism | 1 month | Right cervical | Bulky (6.5 × 8 cm; CT scan), single | Inflammatory (C) and necrotic (CT scan) mass | Weight loss (12 kg) | NP |
L monocytogenes
CC4 |
NP | Puncture, amoxicillin + gentamicin | Cure. Death (4 years, hepatocellular carcinoma) |
| This study | 3 | 88-year-old woman, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases | 3 weeks | Right inguinal | Bulky, single (C) | No | Lower limb cellulitis | NP |
L monocytogenes
CC2 |
Infiltration with gynecological carcinomatous cells | Amoxicillin-clavulanate (10 days): persistence. Lymph node removal. Amoxicillin 6 g/d. | Discovery of a metastatic gynecological carcinoma. Death (2.5 months) |
| This study | 4 | 82-year-old woman, uncontrolled type II diabetes, obesity | 3 months | Left cervical | Bulky (5cm, C), single (US) | No (US) | No | NP |
L monocytogenes
CC9 |
NP | Surgical drainage. No antibiotic. | Death (1 day) |
| This study | 5 | 55-year-old woman, type II diabetes, tobacco smoking | NA | Left inguinal | Bulky, single (C) | No | NA | NP |
L monocytogenes
CC5 |
Nonnecrotic epithelioid granuloma | Lymph node removal. | Cure. Death (5 years, metastatic gallblader carcinoma) |
| This study | 6 | 60-year-old man, HBV and alcoholic cirrhosis, tobacco smoking, alcoholism | 1 month | Median cervical | Bulky, single (CT scan, US) | Fistulization | No | NP |
L monocytogenes
CC20 |
Nonnecrotic epithelioid granuloma | Surgical drainage. Amoxicillin (21 days) | Cure (2 months) |
| This study | 7 | 72-year-old woman, untreated and unbalanced type II diabetes | 3 weeks | Left submaxillar | Bulky (7 × 4 × 7 cm; CT scan), single | Yes (CT scan) | Asthenia | NP |
L monocytogenes
CC199 |
Necrotic epithelioid granuloma, pus | Lymph node removal. Pefloxacin (10 days) | Cure (6 months) |
| This study | 8 | 61-year-old man, carcinoma of the esophagus diagnosed 1 month earlier |
NA | Right supraclavicular | Bulky, multiple (CT scan) | No | Weight loss | NP |
L monocytogenes
CC21 |
NP | Puncture. Amoxicillin 8 g/day (15 days) | Cure (5 months). Metastatic carcinoma of the esophagus (right latero-esophageal and supraclavicular bundle of lymph node). |
| This study | 9 | 80-year-old woman, type II diabetes | NA | Inguinal | NA | NA | NA | NA |
L monocytogenes
CC7 |
NA | NA | Cure (17 years) |
| This study | 10 | 11-year-old boy | 6 days | Right iliac | Large (16 × 11 mm), multiple (US). | No | Fever, anorexia, abdominal pain |
NP |
Listeria ivanovii
CC883 |
Chronic lymphadenitis without sign of malignancy | Surgical lymph node removal. Amoxicillin 50 mg/kg per day (15 days) | Cure (1 month) |
| This study | 11 | 66-year-old man | 1.5 months | Right cervical | Large (3cm), multiple (CT scan) | No | Asthenia, weight loss, fever |
Negative |
L monocytogenes
CC20 |
NP | Puncture. Cotrimoxazole (3 weeks) | Cure (2 months). Discovery of a chronic lymphocytic leukemia. |
| Larsson S [13] | 12 | 81-year-old woman, type II diabetes | 3 weeks | Cervical | NA | Yes | No | NA | NA | NP | Surgical drainage. No antibiotic | Cure |
| Bojsen-Moller [7] | 13 | NA | NA | Cervical | Single | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Blanche et al [8] | 14 | 55-year-old woman, types II diabetes, HIV infection (CD4+ T lymphocyte count 242/mm3) | NA | Cervical | Multiple | No | Fever | Negative | NA | Nonnecrotic epithelioid granuloma, pus | Surgical drainage. Amoxicillin (6 weeks) | Cure |
| Ferrer et al [9] | 15 | 81-year-old man, diabetes mellitus | NA | Cervical | Single | Yes | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Goulet et al [14] | 16 | 56-year-old man, type II diabetes, alcoholism | NA | Cervical | NA | NA | NA | NP | NA | NP | Puncture | Cure |
| Goulet et al [14] | 17 | 60-year-old man | NA | Cervical | NA | NA | NA | NP | NA | NP | Puncture | Cure |
| Rosenthal et al [10] | 18 | 75-year-old man, type II diabetes, obesity, tobacco smoke, alcoholism | 1 month | Cervical | Bulky (4cm), multiple | Fistulization | No | NP | NA | Necrotic epithelioid granuloma, pus | Lymph node removal. Amoxicillin-clavulanate (4 weeks) | Death (4 week); autopsy: myocardial ischemia, metastatic carcinoma of the bladder, residual neck abscess |
| Betriu et al [5] | 19 | 52-year-old woman, uncontrolled type II diabetes | NA | Left cervical | Bulky (8 × 3 × 3; CT scan), single | Inflammatory mass (C), collection (CT scan, US) | Fever | Negative | NA | Epithelioid granuloma | Surgical drainage. Amoxicillin (1 month) + Gentamicin (3 days) | Stable (2 months) |
Abbreviations: CT, computed tomography; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; MLST, multilocus sequence type; NA, not applicable; NP, not practiced.