TABLE 1.
Participant (n = 213) sociodemographics, behavioral variables, and anthropometrics, by site (Minnesota and North Carolina) and total1
| Characteristic | Minnesota (n = 92) | North Carolina (n = 121) | Total (N = 213) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Self-identified race or ethnicity | 0.267 | |||
| Non-Hispanic black or African American | 21 (23) | 40 (33) | 61 (29) | |
| Asian | 28 (30) | 25 (21) | 53 (25) | |
| Non-Hispanic white | 30 (33) | 40 (33) | 70 (33) | |
| Hispanic/Latino | 13 (14) | 16 (13) | 29 (14) | |
| Sex | 0.058 | |||
| Female | 59 (64) | 92 (76) | 151 (71) | |
| Male | 33 (36) | 29 (24) | 62 (29) | |
| Marital status | 0.142 | |||
| Single/separated/divorced/widowed | 47 (51) | 74 (61) | 121 (57) | |
| Married/living with a partner | 45 (49) | 47 (39) | 92 (43) | |
| Education | 0.034 | |||
| Some college or less | 19 (21) | 41 (34) | 60 (28) | |
| ≥4 y of college | 73 (79) | 80 (66) | 153 (72) | |
| Annual household income | 0.180 | |||
| $39,999 or less | 31 (36) | 34 (32) | 65 (34) | |
| $40,000–$99,999 | 32 (37) | 52 (50) | 84 (44) | |
| $100,000 or more | 23 (27) | 19 (18) | 42 (22) | |
| Don't know/refused | 6 | 16 | 22 | |
| Ever used a tanning bed or booth with lamps | 0.816 | |||
| Yes | 21 (23) | 26 (22) | 47 (22) | |
| No | 71 (77) | 95 (79) | 166 (78) | |
| Weekday or weekend sun exposure >1 h | ||||
| Yes | 48 (52) | 89 (74) | 137 (64) | 0.001 |
| No | 44 (48) | 32 (26) | 76 (36) | |
| Sun protection usage | 0.810 | |||
| Yes | 57 (62) | 73 (60) | 130 (61) | |
| No | 35 (38) | 48 (40) | 83 (39) | |
| Smoking ≥100 cigarettes in your lifetime | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 23 (25) | 8 (7) | 31 (15) | |
| No | 69 (75) | 113 (93) | 182 (85) | |
| Age, mean ± SD, y | 36 ± 13.2 | 32 ± 11.8 | 34 ± 12.5 | 0.038 |
| BMI, mean ± SD, kg/m2 | 25.1 ± 4.2 | 25.9 ± 3.8 | 25.6 ± 4.0 | 0.148 |
| Body fat, mean ± SD, % | 25.8 ± 7.8 | 28.0 ± 7.7 | 27.1 ± 7.8 | 0.041 |
| Plasma total cholesterol, mean ± SD, mg/dL | 151 ± 42 | 142 ± 40 | 146 ± 41 | 0.134 |
| Veggie Meter assessed skin carotenoid score, mean ± SD | 363 ± 99 | 286 ± 114 | 319 ± 114 | <0.001 |
| Finger melanin index, mean ± SD | 1.14 ± 0.16 | 1.06 ± 0.17 | 1.09 ± 0.17 | <0.001 |
| Finger hemoglobin index, mean ± SD | 2.57 ± 0.49 | 2.36 ± 0.50 | 2.45 ± 0.51 | 0.003 |
1
Values are presented as number (%) unless otherwise indicated.