TABLE 3.
Pearson correlations (95% CI) between reflection spectroscopy–assessed skin carotenoids and log2-transformed plasma carotenoids, log2-transformed FV consumption, and log2-transformed dietary carotenoid intake for total sample and subgroups1
| Characteristic | n | Total plasma carotenoids | Self-reported FV intake | Self-reported carotenoid intake |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 213 | 0.712 (0.64, 0.77) | 0.352 (0.23, 0.47) | 0.382 (0.26, 0.49) |
| Minnesota | 92 | 0.662 (0.52, 0.76) | 0.392 (0.20, 0.55) | 0.382 (0.19, 0.54) |
| North Carolina | 121 | 0.732 (0.64, 0.81) | 0.283 (0.10, 0.44) | 0.302 (0.12, 0.45) |
| Non-Hispanic black | 61 | 0.642 (0.46, 0.77) | 0.24 (–0.02, 0.46) | 0.383 (0.14, 0.58) |
| Asian | 53 | 0.732 (0.58, 0.84) | 0.423 (0.16, 0.62) | 0.512 (0.28, 0.69) |
| Non-Hispanic white | 70 | 0.672 (0.51, 0.78) | 0.522 (0.33, 0.68) | 0.363 (0.14, 0.55) |
| Hispanic/Latino | 29 | 0.802 (0.61, 0.90) | 0.36 (–0.02, 0.64) | 0.384 (0.00, 0.66) |
| <25 y old | 59 | 0.702 (0.54, 0.81) | 0.294 (0.04, 0.51) | 0.284(0.02, 0.50) |
| Between 25 and 40 y old | 96 | 0.712 (0.60, 0.80) | 0.362 (0.17, 0.52) | 0.422 (0.24, 0.57) |
| ≥40 y old | 58 | 0.712 (0.55, 0.82) | 0.423 (0.18, 0.61) | 0.422 (0.18, 0.61) |
| Female | 151 | 0.732 (0.65, 0.80) | 0.322 (0.17, 0.46) | 0.362 (0.21, 0.49) |
| Male | 62 | 0.682 (0.51, 0.79) | 0.472 (0.25, 0.65) | 0.472 (0.25, 0.65) |
| Normal weight (BMI <25) | 99 | 0.702 (0.58, 0.79) | 0.372 (0.18, 0.53) | 0.372 (0.19, 0.53) |
| Overweight | 80 | 0.722 (0.59, 0.81) | 0.353 (0.14, 0.53) | 0.323 (0.11, 0.51) |
| Obese (BMI ≥30) | 34 | 0.602 (0.33, 0.78) | 0.31 (–0.03, 0.59) | 0.513 (0.20, 0.72) |
| Low plasma cholesterol (<125 mg/dL) | 70 | 0.722 (0.58, 0.82) | 0.264 (0.03, 0.47) | 0.323 (0.09, 0.52) |
| Normal plasma cholesterol | 118 | 0.742 (0.65, 0.81) | 0.382 (0.21, 0.53) | 0.412 (0.25, 0.55) |
| High plasma cholesterol (≥200 mg/dL) | 23 | 0.782 (0.54, 0.90) | 0.41 (–0.01, 0.70) | 0.28 (–0.15, 0.62) |
| Melanin index <1.068 | 106 | 0.502 (0.34, 0.63) | 0.19 (–0.00, 0.37) | 0.204 (0.00, 0.37) |
| Melanin index ≥1.068 | 107 | 0.752 (0.66, 0.82) | 0.332 (0.15, 0.49) | 0.382 (0.20, 0.53) |
| Hemoglobin index <2.449 | 106 | 0.732 (0.63, 0.81) | 0.322 (0.14, 0.48) | 0.432 (0.26, 0.57) |
| Hemoglobin index ≥2.449 | 107 | 0.682 (0.56, 0.77) | 0.372 (0.20, 0.53) | 0.322 (0.13, 0.48) |
1
Values are presented as Pearson correlations (95% CIs). A log2-transformation was used to stabilize variances and improve the linearity of the relations. FV, fruit and vegetables.
2
P < 0.001.
3
P < 0.01.
4
P < 0.05.