TABLE 1.
Characteristics of the 750 participants from the Quebec Family Study1
| Total | Men | Women | P 2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, n (%) | — | 328 (43.7) | 422 (56.3) | 0.0006 |
| Age, y | 41.5 ± 14.9 | 41.9 ± 15.3 | 41.2 ± 14.6 | 0.53 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.8 ± 7.5 | 27.6 ± 6.6 | 27.8 ± 8.1 | 0.71 |
| Waist circumference,3 cm | 88.8 ± 18.1 | 94.4 ± 17.0 | 84.4 ± 17.8 | <0.0001 |
| Menopaused,4 n (%) | 126 (17.1) | — | 126 (30.7) | — |
| Dieting,5 n (%) | 44 (5.9) | 12 (3.7) | 32 (7.6) | 0.02 |
| Smoking,5 n (%) | 157 (21.0) | 64 (19.5) | 93 (22.1) | 0.39 |
| Reporting status,6 n (%) | 0.96 | |||
| Underreporters | 86 (11.5) | 37 (11.3) | 49 (11.6) | |
| Plausible reporters | 503 (67.1) | 219 (66.8) | 284 (67.3) | |
| Overreporters | 161 (21.5) | 72 (22.0) | 89 (21.1) | |
| Polygenic risk score | 0.29 ± 0.36 | 0.29 ± 0.35 | 0.29 ± 0.37 | 0.82 |
| Energy intake, kcal/d | 2346 ± 681 | 2702 ± 685 | 2068 ± 534 | <0.0001 |
| Diet quality | ||||
| Nutrient Rich Food Index 6.3 | 10.2 ± 6.7 | 9.4 ± 6.3 | 10.7 ± 7.0 | 0.0008 |
| Food groups, %TEI | ||||
| Whole vegetables | 1.9 ± 2.1 | 1.6 ± 2.0 | 2.1 ± 2.1 | 0.002 |
| Fruits7 | 3.5 ± 3.7 | 2.9 ± 3.4 | 4.1 ± 3.8 | <0.0001 |
| 100% fruit juices | 2.4 ± 3.2 | 2.3 ± 3.0 | 2.4 ± 3.2 | 0.58 |
| Dairy products | 10.4 ± 6.4 | 9.7 ± 6.4 | 10.9 ± 6.4 | 0.008 |
| Milk | 5.2 ± 4.5 | 5.2 ± 4.7 | 5.2 ± 4.4 | 0.97 |
| Yogurt | 0.9 ± 2.0 | 0.6 ± 1.5 | 1.2 ± 2.3 | <0.0001 |
| Cheese | 4.2 ± 4.5 | 3.8 ± 4.5 | 4.5 ± 4.5 | 0.03 |
| Processed meats | 3.3 ± 4.1 | 3.8 ± 4.5 | 3.0 ± 3.7 | 0.01 |
| Plant-based protein foods | 2.1 ± 3.5 | 2.2 ± 3.8 | 2.0 ± 3.1 | 0.44 |
| Nuts and seeds | 1.8 ± 3.1 | 1.9 ± 3.6 | 1.6 ± 2.8 | 0.24 |
| Sugar-sweetened beverages | 2.6 ± 4.5 | 2.7 ± 3.9 | 2.5 ± 4.8 | 0.62 |
| Sugar and sugary foods | 15.7 ± 9.4 | 16.0 ± 9.6 | 15.4 ± 9.3 | 0.38 |
| Fat and high-fat foods | 14.1 ± 9.6 | 14.2 ± 9.8 | 14.0 ± 9.5 | 0.71 |
1
Data are mean ± SD or n (%), %TEI, percentage or total energy intake.
2
P values for sex differences based on Student's t-test or chi-square test.
3
n = 748, women n = 420.
4
n = 738, women n = 410.
5
n = 749, women n = 421.
6
Underreporters, rEI/pER <0.78; plausible reporters, 0.78 ≤ rEI/pER ≤1.29; overreporters, rEI/pER >1.29.
7
Excluding fruit juices.
rEI, reported energy intake; pER, predicted energy requirement.