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FA inhibited the TGF-β1-induced activation of NOX4/ROS and PI3K/Akt pathway. (A-B) The expression of NOX4 and p22phox mRNA. (C-D) The expression of NOX4 and p22phox proteins. (E-F) The phosphorylation levels of PI3K and Akt. Data of three independent experiments were represented by mean ± S.D. ∗∗∗p <0.001 TGF-β1 vs control; ∗p <0.05 TGF-β1 vs control. ###p <0.001 TGF-β1 + FA vs TGF-β1;##p <0.01 TGF-β1 + FA vs TGF-β1.
