TABLE 2.
Association estimates (and 95% CIs) for relationships between recommendation-based diet quartiles and epigenetic age acceleration metrics (n = 2694)
| Dietary index score quartiles | P linear-trend | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DASH diet | 10–211 | 22–25 | 26–28 | 29–37 | |
| Hannum AgeAccel | 0 | −0.6 (−1.2, 0.1) | −0.4 (−1.1, 0.3) | −0.1 (−0.9, 0.7) | 0.82 |
| Horvath AgeAccel | 0 | −0.1 (−0.8, 0.5) | −0.4 (−1.1, 0.3) | −0.4 (−1.1, 0.4) | 0.20 |
| PhenoAgeAccel | 0 | −1.3 (−2.1, −0.4) | −1.2 (−2.0, −0.3) | −0.8 (−1.8, 0.1) | 0.10 |
| GrimAgeAccel | 0 | −0.8 (−1.2, −0.4) | −0.8 (−1.2, −0.4) | −1.1 (−1.6, −0.7) | 1.6 × 10–6 |
| HEI-2015 | 40–661 | 67–73 | 74–79 | 80–95 | |
| Hannum AgeAccel | 0 | −0.3 (−1.0, 0.4) | −0.2 (−0.9, 0.5) | −0.4 (−1.1, 0.3) | 0.34 |
| Horvath AgeAccel | 0 | −0.1 (−0.8, 0.5) | 0.1 (−0.6, 0.8) | 0.1 (−0.6, 0.8) | 0.71 |
| PhenoAgeAccel | 0 | −1.1 (−2.0, −0.2) | −1.0 (−1.9, −0.1) | −0.8 (−1.8, 0.1) | 0.09 |
| GrimAgeAccel | 0 | −0.5 (−0.9, −0.1) | −0.7 (−1.2, −0.3) | −0.9 (−1.3, −0.6) | 1.3 × 10–6 |
| aHEI-2010 | 27–521 | 53–60 | 61–69 | 69–100 | |
| Hannum AgeAccel | 0 | −0.5 (−1.2, 0.3) | −0.3 (−1.0, 0.4) | −0.9 (−1.6, −0.2) | 0.02 |
| Horvath AgeAccel | 0 | −0.2 (−0.9, 0.4) | −0.4 (−1.0, 0.3) | −0.2 (−0.9, 0.5) | 0.48 |
| PhenoAgeAccel | 0 | −1.2 (−2.1, −0.4) | −0.9 (−1.8, −0.1) | −1.5 (−2.3, −0.6) | 0.004 |
| GrimAgeAccel | 0 | −0.2 (−0.6, 0.2) | −0.6 (−1.0, −0.2) | −1.0 (−1.4, −0.5) | 1.6 × 10–6 |
| aMed diet | 0–31 | 4–4 | 5–6 | 7–9 | |
| Hannum AgeAccel | 0 | 0.3 (−0.4, 0.9) | −0.1 (−0.7, 0.5) | −0.9 (−1.8, −0.0) | 0.11 |
| Horvath AgeAccel | 0 | 0.2 (−0.5, 0.9) | −0.1 (−0.7, 0.6) | −0.0 (−0.8, 0.8) | 0.90 |
| PhenoAgeAccel | 0 | 0.2 (−0.7, 1.1) | −0.3 (−1.1, 0.5) | −0.9 (−2.0, 0.2) | 0.12 |
| GrimAgeAccel | 0 | −0.1 (−0.5, 0.3) | −0.7 (−1.0, −0.3) | −1.1 (−1.6, −0.6) | 1.8 × 10–6 |
Abbreviations: aHEI, Alternative Healthy Eating Index; aMed, Alternative Mediterranean; DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; HEI, Healthy Eating Index; MET, metabolic equivalent task.
Represents the referent category against which the other quartiles are compared. Estimates were obtained using separate linear regression models, treating the individual AgeAccel metrics as the dependent variables and the diet index score quartiles (treating the lowest as the referent category) as the independent variables. Models were adjusted for educational attainment (high school, college, advanced degree), parity (live births), physical activity (METs/wk), smoking status (current/former/never), menopause status, and caloric intake. Models for DASH and the HEI were additionally adjusted for alcohol intake (drinks/wk).