TABLE 2.
Child cognitive and behavioral outcomes according to maternal first-trimester MDS-P and AHEI-P1
| Time of cognitive/behavioral test administration | Maternal MDS-P | Maternal AHEI-P2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Low (0–3) | High (6–9) | Q1 | Q4 | |
| Infancy (median age: 6.4 mo) | |||||
| VRM, % novelty preference (n = 1071) | 63.8 ± 16.3 | 64.1 ± 17.8 | 64.0 ± 16.2 | 65.1 ± 16.7 | 63.7 ± 16.4 |
| Early childhood (median age: 3.2 y) | |||||
| PPVT-III (n = 1206) | 104 ± 14.4 | 102 ± 15.0 | 106 ± 14.1 | 101 ± 15.2 | 106 ± 14.3 |
| WRAVMA total (n = 1168) | 102 ± 11.3 | 101 ± 10.8 | 103 ± 12.1 | 101 ± 11.1 | 103 ± 12.0 |
| Mid-childhood (median age: 7.7 y) | |||||
| KBIT-II verbal (n = 1093) | 112 ± 15.0 | 108 ± 16.2 | 115 ± 15.4 | 108 ± 15.9 | 115 ± 15.2 |
| KBIT-II nonverbal (n = 1106) | 106 ± 16.8 | 103 ± 17.5 | 109 ± 18.8 | 104 ± 17.8 | 108 ± 18.5 |
| WRAVMA drawing (n = 1099) | 92.1 ± 16.6 | 91.8 ± 18.3 | 91.9 ± 16.5 | 91.7 ± 17.8 | 91.9 ± 16.7 |
| WRAML summary score (n = 1094) | 16.9 ± 4.4 | 16.6 ± 4.9 | 17.0 ± 4.5 | 16.8 ± 4.8 | 17.1 ± 4.5 |
| BRIEF GEC parent-reported (n = 1174) | 48.7 ± 9.1 | 48.8 ± 9.6 | 48.6 ± 9.3 | 49.6 ± 9.2 | 48.4 ± 9.1 |
| BRIEF GEC teacher-reported (n = 879) | 51.1 ± 10.5 | 52.3 ± 12.2 | 50.1 ± 10.7 | 52.5 ± 12.1 | 50.2 ± 10.1 |
| SDQ total parent-reported (n = 1191) | 6.6 ± 4.8 | 7.1 ± 5.2 | 6.2 ± 4.8 | 7.3 ± 4.9 | 6.1 ± 4.8 |
| SDQ total teacher-reported (n = 902) | 6.4 ± 5.8 | 6.8 ± 6.4 | 5.8 ± 6.0 | 6.9 ± 6.3 | 6.3 ± 6.0 |
n = 1580. AHEI-P, Alternate Healthy Eating Index modified for pregnancy; BRIEF GEC, Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function Global Executive Composite; KBIT-II, Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test, Second Edition; MDS-P, Mediterranean diet score modified for pregnancy; PPVT-III, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Third Edition; Q, quartile; SDQ, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; VRM, visual recognition memory; WRAML, Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning, Second Edition; WRAVMA, Wide Range Assessment of Visual Motor Abilities.
Median (range) maternal AHEI-P, for each quartile: Q1 = 48.960 (30.767–53.614), Q2 = 57.173 (53.616–60.242), Q3 = 63.847 (60.248–67.412), and Q4 = 72.773 (67.414–88.232).