Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Recombinant Zoster Vaccine (≥1 Dose) Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Cohorts
| Characteristic | Vaccinated (n = 149 244) | Unvaccinated (n = 298 488) | Absolute Standardized Differencea |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at index date, y | NAb | ||
| 50–59 | 24 169 (16.2) | 48 338 (16.2) | |
| 60–69 | 56 047 (37.6) | 112 094 (37.6) | |
| 70–79 | 49 986 (33.5) | 99 972 (33.5) | |
| ≥80 | 19 042 (12.8) | 38 084 (12.8) | |
| Sex | NAb | ||
| Female | 86 206 (57.8) | 172 412 (57.8) | |
| Male | 63 038 (42.2) | 126 076 (42.2) | |
| Race/ethnicity | NAb | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | 80 743 (54.1) | 161 486 (54.1) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 8411 (5.6) | 16 822 (5.6) | |
| Hispanic | 30 376 (20.4) | 60 752 (20.4) | |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 24 434 (16.4) | 48 868 (16.4) | |
| Other/unknown | 5280 (3.5) | 10 560 (3.5) | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2c | 0.41 | ||
| <18.5 | 1925 (1.3) | 4418 (1.5) | |
| 18.5–24.9 | 45 482 (30.5) | 76 156 (25.5) | |
| 25.0–29.9 | 54 387 (36.4) | 93 932 (31.5) | |
| 30.0–34.9 | 27 736 (18.6) | 52 216 (17.5) | |
| 35.0–39.9 | 10 398 (7.0) | 20 911 (7.0) | |
| 40.0–44.9 | 3647 (2.4) | 7511 (2.5) | |
| ≥45.0 | 1734 (1.2) | 3993 (1.3) | |
| Unknown | 3935 (2.6) | 39 351 (13.2) | |
| Smokingc | 0.39 | ||
| No | 111 269 (74.6) | 194 333 (65.1) | |
| Yes | 34 016 (22.8) | 66 278 (22.2) | |
| Unknown | 3959 (2.7) | 37 877 (12.7) | |
| No. of outpatient visitsd | 0.49 | ||
| 0 | 862 (0.6) | 26 145 (8.8) | |
| 1–4 | 33 628 (22.5) | 95 907 (32.1) | |
| 5–10 | 56 401 (37.8) | 90 503 (30.3) | |
| ≥11 | 58 353 (39.1) | 85 933 (28.8) | |
| No. of ED visitsd | 0.05 | ||
| 0 | 121 729 (81.6) | 238 943 (80.1) | |
| 1 | 19 135 (12.8) | 39 466 (13.2) | |
| ≥2 | 8380 (5.6) | 20 079 (6.7) | |
| No. of hospitalizationsd | 0.01 | ||
| 0 | 130 826 (87.7) | 261 940 (87.8) | |
| 1 | 11 291 (7.6) | 22 608 (7.6) | |
| ≥2 | 7127 (4.8) | 13 940 (4.7) | |
| Frailty (top quartile)d | 37 951 (25.4) | 73 969 (24.8) | 0.01 |
| Baseline comorbiditiesd | |||
| Cardiovascular disease | 45 251 (30.3) | 81 069 (27.2) | 0.07 |
| Diabetes | 34 703 (23.3) | 69 237 (23.2) | 0.00 |
| Hypertension | 73 201 (49.0) | 131 033 (43.9) | 0.10 |
| Pulmonary disease | 23 628 (15.8) | 41 768 (14.0) | 0.05 |
| Renal disease | 18 965 (12.7) | 37 487 (12.6) | 0.00 |
| Cancer | 8484 (5.7) | 17 322 (5.8) | 0.01 |
| HIV | 1201 (0.8) | 818 (0.3) | 0.07 |
| Autoimmune disease | 7566 (5.1) | 13 681 (4.6) | 0.02 |
| Other vaccinationsd | 139 723 (93.6) | 218 851 (73.3) | 0.57 |
| Influenza vaccine | 136 984 (98.0) | 211 906 (96.8) | |
| PCV13/PPSV23 | 17 920 (12.8) | 25 737 (11.8) | |
| Tdap | 13 806 (9.9) | 17 254 (7.9) | |
Data are presented as No. (%) unless otherwise indicated. Medical center area is not shown. There were no significant differences in the distribution of the vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals across the 19 medical center areas.
Abbreviations: ED, emergency department; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; NA, not applicable; PCV13, 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; PPSV23, 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine; Tdap, tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis vaccine.
Potential confounders were determined by absolute standardized difference >0.1.
Not applicable for matching variable.
Most recent in the 365 days prior to 1 March 2020.
In the 365 days prior to 1 March 2020.