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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jan 13.
Published in final edited form as: Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2020 Jun 12;111:52–59. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.05.025

Figure 1. Approaches to bioengineer human neural organoid (hNO) morphology.

Figure 1.

Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) aggregate morphology can be regulated at the microscale using microfilaments, micropatterned substrates, micropillar arrays, microwells, molded or 3D printed hydrogels, and microfabricated chamber devices. Gene editing tools may also indirectly exert control over hNO morphology (e.g. folding) by regulating cell behavior (e.g. proliferation).