Table 2.
Effect of social distancing policies on preventive, elective, and non-elective procedure utilization.
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Panel A: Preventive Care | Colonoscopy | Mammogram | Immunizations | ||||||
| post shelter in place | −1.909*** | −1.279*** | −0.663*** | −7.986*** | −4.181*** | −2.498*** | −3.891*** | −0.208 | −1.608*** |
| (0.428) | (0.274) | (0.212) | (1.613) | (1.061) | (0.964) | (0.849) | (1.400) | (0.560) | |
| Weeks since first case FE | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||
| Weeks since first death FE | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||
| Year X Week FE | X | X | X | ||||||
| Observations | 1064,825 | 1064,825 | 1064,825 | 529,256 | 529,256 | 529,256 | 418,103 | 418,103 | 418,103 |
| R-squared | 0.703 | 0.714 | 0.749 | 0.781 | 0.792 | 0.816 | 0.88 | 0.894 | 0.904 |
| baseline mean | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 21.6 | 21.6 | 21.6 | 22.0 | 22.0 | 22.0 |
| Panel B: Elective Care | MRI | Musculoskeletal surgery | Cataract surgery | ||||||
| post shelter in place | −1.096*** | −0.687*** | −0.204** | −0.282*** | −0.155*** | −0.106** | −0.0629*** | −0.0560** | −0.0174 |
| (0.237) | (0.140) | (0.0866) | (0.0664) | (0.0403) | (0.0434) | (0.0185) | (0.0223) | (0.0123) | |
| Weeks since first case FE | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||
| Weeks since first death FE | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||
| Year X Week FE | X | X | X | ||||||
| Observations | 3567,685 | 3567,685 | 3567,685 | 3567,685 | 3567,685 | 3567,685 | 3567,685 | 3567,685 | 3567,685 |
| R-squared | 0.616 | 0.619 | 0.628 | 0.488 | 0.491 | 0.499 | 0.255 | 0.258 | 0.263 |
| baseline mean | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Panel C: Non-Elective Care | Labor and delivery | Chemotherapy | Angiograms | ||||||
| post shelter in place | −0.111 | −0.0493 | 0.0675 | −0.128*** | −0.164*** | −0.0809** | −0.134*** | −0.0615* | −0.0188 |
| (0.0783) | (0.0942) | (0.0797) | (0.0402) | (0.0393) | (0.0348) | (0.0287) | (0.0352) | (0.0199) | |
| Weeks since first case FE | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||
| Weeks since first death FE | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||
| Year X Week FE | X | X | X | ||||||
| Observations | 1064,971 | 1064,971 | 1064,971 | 3567,685 | 3567,685 | 3567,685 | 3567,685 | 3567,685 | 3567,685 |
| R-squared | 0.555 | 0.556 | 0.556 | 0.542 | 0.543 | 0.544 | 0.439 | 0.441 | 0.442 |
| baseline mean | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
Caption: Baseline means are calculated based on the ninth week of 2019. Regression models were estimated using ordinary least squares. Regression models also include controls for the patient's age and gender, and fixed effects for week and county. The outcome measure is the number of patients, and all models are weighted for the total number of eligible enrollees. Standard errors are clustered at the county level. Immunizations are restricted to those aged 2 or younger. Colonoscopy is restricted to those 46 to 64. Mammograms were restricted to females aged 46 to 64. Deliveries were restricted to women between the ages of 19 and 45. *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1.