Table 5.
Effect of social distancing policies on visits to physician office, general and medical service hospitals, health and personal care stores, and office of dentists.
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Offices of Physicians | General and Medical Service Hospitals | |||||
| Panel A: Level changes | −9.270*** | −3.358*** | 0.672 | −78.35*** | −33.66** | −3.680 |
| post shelter in place | (0.298) | (0.655) | (0.490) | (12.36) | (13.09) | (15.07) |
| Weeks since first case FE | X | X | X | X | ||
| Weeks since first death FE | X | X | X | X | ||
| Year X Week FE | X | X | ||||
| Observations | 13,430,991 | 13,430,991 | 13,430,991 | 1045,379 | 1045,379 | 1045,379 |
| R-squared | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.17 |
| baseline mean | 31.09 | 31.09 | 31.09 | 363.11 | 363.11 | 363.11 |
| Panel B: Log changes | ||||||
| post shelter in place | −0.251*** | −0.161*** | −0.0460*** | −0.116*** | −0.145*** | −0.0291 |
| (0.00591) | (0.0152) | (0.00692) | (0.0360) | (0.0388) | (0.0408) | |
| Weeks since first case FE | X | X | X | X | ||
| Weeks since first death FE | X | X | X | X | ||
| Year X Week FE | X | X | ||||
| Observations | 13,430,991 | 13,430,991 | 13,430,991 | 1045,379 | 1045,379 | 1045,379 |
| R-squared | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 |
| Baseline mean | 2.60 | 2.60 | 2.60 | 4.44 | 4.44 | 4.44 |
| Health and Personal Care Stores | Office of Dentists | |||||
| Panel A: Level changes | −23.48*** | −13.83*** | −5.714*** | −4.545*** | −3.158*** | −0.780* |
| post shelter in place | (0.852) | (1.360) | (1.159) | (0.214) | (0.411) | (0.463) |
| Weeks since first case FE | X | X | X | X | ||
| Weeks since first death FE | X | X | X | X | ||
| Year X Week FE | X | X | ||||
| Observations | 3809,626 | 3809,626 | 3809,626 | 9332,246 | 9332,246 | 9332,246 |
| R-squared | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| baseline mean | 79.36 | 79.36 | 79.36 | 16.64 | 16.64 | 16.64 |
| Panel B: Log changes | ||||||
| post shelter in place | −0.324*** | −0.201*** | −0.0774*** | −0.212*** | −0.189*** | −0.0460*** |
| (0.0133) | (0.0171) | (0.0113) | (0.00546) | (0.0175) | (0.00640) | |
| Weeks since first case FE | X | X | X | X | ||
| Weeks since first death FE | X | X | X | X | ||
| Year X Week FE | X | X | ||||
| Observations | 3809,626 | 3809,626 | 3809,626 | 9332,246 | 9332,246 | 9332,246 |
| R-squared | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 |
| Baseline mean | 3.85 | 3.85 | 3.85 | 2.27 | 2.27 | 2.27 |
Caption: Unit of analysis is the number of visits in a week to health care provider locations. Baseline means are calculated based on the ninth week of 2019. Regression models were estimated using ordinary least squares. The outcome measure is the number of visits and regressions include fixed effects for county and week. We use the four-digit NAICS code to identify office of physicians (6211), general medical and surgical hospitals (6221), health and personal care stores (4461), and offices of dentists (6212). Standard errors are clustered at the county level. *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1.