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. 2021 Dec 6;14(1):32–39. doi: 10.1038/s41557-021-00830-y

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a,b, Fluorescence microscopy images of coacervate droplets in bulk (a) and at the gas–water interface (b). On implementation of the thermal gradient, convective flows transport the coacervate droplets in the bulk to the gas–water interface where they fuse. Droplets will grow until they reach a steady-state size which is then maintained over time. c, Coacervate droplets at the interface (from left to right) at t = 0, 2, 4 and 8 min in a thermal gradient show progressive increase in droplet size. d, Microscopy images showing a fusion event between three coacervate droplets. e, Quantification of coacervate size over time for different buffer and coacervate compositions. Each data point represents the mean and standard deviation of approximately five different larger droplets at the gas–water interface. The dashed lines represent phenomenological exponential fits.