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. 2022 Jan 12;12:619. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-04712-8

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Quantitative ULM measurements. (A) Cortical blood volume was significantly decreased in the aged mouse group in comparison to the young group (p < 0.001 for the auditory cortex, p = 0.007 for entorhinal cortex, and p = 0.001 for visual cortex). (B) Likewise, ULM measured vascularity demonstrated a significant decrease in the auditory cortex and visual cortex of the brain between the aged and young group (p = 0.018 and p = 0.02, respectively). (C) Blood velocity exhibited global decreases across all measured brain regions in the aged mouse cohort. The superior colliculus (p < 0.001) and visual cortex (p < 0.001) demonstrated the most substantial decrease in mean velocity, with proportionally less decrease in the hippocampus (p = 0.015), auditory thalamus (p = 0.003), auditory cortex (p = 0.004), and entorhinal cortex (p = 0.001). (D) Vascular tortuosity, as measured by sum of angles metric, showed significant increases across all brain regions (p = 0.004 for auditory cortex, p = 0.006 for auditory thalamus, p = 0.001 for entorhinal cortex, p = 0.041 for hippocampus, p = 0.002 for superior colliculus, and p < 0.001 for the visual cortex).