. 2022 Jan 12;12:561. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-04599-5

Table 1.

Levels of pesticides and metals in Goji berries (mg/kg).

Item		Level		The detection rate (%)		LOD	MRL
Item		Plantations (n = 37) Mean ± SD (minx-max)	Supermarkets (n = 80) Mean ± SD (minx-max)	Plantations (n = 37)	Supermarkets (n = 80)	LOD	MRL
Pesticides	Dichlorovos	0.02 ± 0.03 (ND–0.17)	0.01 ± 0.02	21.62	10.00	0.0050	1.0^a
	Omethoate	0.02 ± 0.05 (ND–0.16)	ND	16.22	0.00	0.0100	0.5^a
	Malathion	0.01 ± 0.03 (ND–0.07)	ND	27.03	0.00	0.0050	1.0^a
	Cypermethrin	0.02 ± 0.03 (ND–0.52)	ND	29.73	0.00	0.0100	0.5^a
	Fenvalerate	0.88 ± 0.70 (ND–4.43)	ND	72.97	0.00	0.0200	1.5^a
	Deltamethrin	ND	ND	0.00	0.00	0.0200	0.5^a
Metals	Pb	0.35 ± 0.27 (ND–0.96)	0.08 ± 0.20 (ND–0.84)	89.19	70.00	0.0024	5.0^b
	Cd	0.10 ± 0.07 (0.03–0.35)	0.04 ± 0.03 (ND–0.14)	100.0	72.50	0.0702	0.3^b
	Cu	8.70 ± 2.70 (2.29–14.49)	7.55 ± 1.37 (5.96–10.03)	100.0	100.0	0.0093	20^b
	Ni	0.88 ± 0.44 (0.21–2.52)	0.90 ± 0.57 (ND–1.51)	100.0	96.67	0.0034	0.2^c
	Zn	19.56 ± 6.41 (10.98–35.35)	14.37 ± 4.02 (8.26–24.15)	100.0	100.0	0.0021	5.0^d
	As	0.20 ± 0.23 (ND–0.81)	0.03 ± 0.09 (ND–0.35)	56.76	86.67	0.0075	2.0^b

MRL means maximum residue limits, ND means not detected.

^aMeans European maximum residue limits of pesticides²⁷.

^bMeans China MRLs of metals for medicinal plants and preparations³⁰.

^cMeans China MRL of Ni for fruits²⁸.

^dMeans China MRL of Zn for fruits²⁹.