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. 2022 Jan 12;13:277. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-27882-5

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 9 — a Regulation of gene expression involving NuA4. Large dashed-line oval represents nucleus, while small dashed-line oval represents chloroplast. Plastid and growth-related genes (green portion of the nucleus) depend on H2A.Zac and H4ac for their high transcriptional activity. Loss of H2A.Zac/H4ac from the +1 nucleosome at these loci cannot be compensated by H3K9ac and results in gene repression. GLK transcription factors function in parallel with NuA4 to activate genes involved in photosynthesis but not RPGs. Stress response genes (red portion of the nucleus) are repressed by hypoacetylated H2A.Z in their gene bodies (represented by +2 nucleosome). Deposition of H2A.Z by the SWR1 complex in the gene body requires NuA4, although it is not known whether acetyl groups are later removed by an unknown HDAC or not deposited at all (not shown). Loss of NuA4 activity triggers transcriptional release of stress genes that have sufficient H3ac levels in the +1 nucleosome. b By controlling H2A.Z acetylation and deposition, NuA4 contributes to the switch between autotrophic growth and the stress response.