Table 3.
Baseline characteristics and risk factors of patients with and without recurrence at 90 days.
| Stroke occurrence at 90 days | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TIA patients (n = 1186) | TIA patients with positive DWI (n = 474) | TIA patients with negative DWI (n = 712) | |||||||
| No (n = 1068) | Yes (n = 118) | P value | No (n = 387) | Yes (n = 87) | P value | No (n = 681) | Yes (n = 31) | P value | |
| Age ≥ 60 years | 469 (43.9%) | 62 (52.5%) | 0.074 | 172 (44.4%) | 47 (54.0%) | 0.105 | 297 (43.6%) | 15 (48.4%) | 0.600 |
| Male | 646 (60.5%) | 73 (61.9%) | 0.771 | 260 (67.2%) | 50 (57.5%) | 0.085 | 386 (56.7%) | 23 (74.2%) | 0.054 |
| Current smoking | 295 (27.7%) | 40 (33.9%) | 0.158 | 137 (35.7%) | 28 (32.2%) | 0.537 | 158 (23.2%) | 12 (38.7%) | 0.078 |
| DWI in 3 days | 857 (80.2%) | 96 (81.4%) | 0.773 | 319 (82.4%) | 72 (82.8%) | 0.942 | 538 (79%) | 24 (77.4%) | 0.833 |
| Medical history | |||||||||
| Hypertension | 566 (53.0%) | 84 (71.2%) | < 0.001 | 215 (55.6%) | 65 (74.7%) | 0.001 | 351 (51.5%) | 19 (61.3%) | 0.288 |
| Diabetes | 186 (17.4%) | 21 (17.8%) | 0.918 | 77 (19.9%) | 17 (19.5%) | 0.940 | 109 (16.0%) | 4 (12.9%) | 0.833 |
| Dyslipidemia | 203 (19.0%) | 24 (20.3%) | 0.727 | 83 (21.4%) | 15 (17.2%) | 0.381 | 120 (17.6%) | 9 (29.0%) | 0.107 |
| Coronary heart disease | 138 (12.9%) | 16 (13.6%) | 0.845 | 48 (12.4%) | 11 (12.6%) | 0.951 | 90 (13.2%) | 5 (16.1%) | 0.641 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 25 (2.3%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0.472 | 14 (3.6%) | 1 (1.1%) | 0.396 | 11 (1.6%) | 0 (0%) | – |
| History of stroke | 217 (20.3%) | 31 (26.3%) | 0.131 | 85 (22.0%) | 27 (31.0%) | 0.072 | 132 (19.4%) | 4 (12.9%) | 0.507 |
| Clinical symptom | |||||||||
| Unilateral weakness | 122 (11.4%) | 16 (13.6%) | < 0.001 | 50 (12.9%) | 11 (12.6%) | 0.067 | 72 (10.6%) | 5 (16.1%) | 0.208 |
| Speech disturbance without weakness | 569 (53.3%) | 82 (69.5%) | 240 (62.0%) | 64 (73.6%) | 329 (48.3%) | 18 (58.1%) | |||
| Duration | |||||||||
| < 10 min | 441 (41.3%) | 32 (27.1%) | 0.004 | 144 (37.2%) | 24 (27.6%) | 0.125 | 297 (43.6%) | 8 (25.8%) | 0.124 |
| 10–59 min | 411 (38.5%) | 63 (53.4%) | 164 (42.4%) | 47 (54.0%) | 247 (36.3%) | 16 (51.6%) | |||
| ≥ 60 min | 216 (20.2%) | 23 (19.5%) | 79 (20.4%) | 16 (18.4%) | 137 (20.1%) | 7 (22.6%) | |||
| ABCD3-I score (median, IQR) | 5 (4–7) | 7 (6–9) | < 0.001 | 7 (6–9) | 8 (7–10) | < 0.001 | 4 (3–6) | 5 (4–6) | 0.092 |
| Multiple stage lesion | 119 (11.1%) | 56 (47.5%) | < 0.001 | 119 (30.7%) | 56 (64.4%) | < 0.001 | … | … | – |
| Isolated cortical lesion | 161 (15.1%) | 46 (39.0%) | < 0.001 | 161 (41.6%) | 46 (52.9%) | 0.055 | … | … | – |
| Severe WMH | 193 (18.1%) | 41 (34.7%) | < 0.001 | 104 (26.9%) | 37 (42.5%) | 0.004 | 89 (13.1%) | 4 (12.9%) | 0.979 |
| Number of OLI | |||||||||
| 0 | 555 (52.0%) | 32 (27.1%) | < 0.001 | 177 (45.7%) | 19 (21.8%) | < 0.001 | 378 (55.5%) | 13 (41.9%) | 0.066 |
| 1–2 | 369 (34.6%) | 54 (45.8%) | 148 (38.2%) | 44 (50.6%) | 221 (32.5%) | 10 (32.3%) | |||
| > 2 | 144 (13.5%) | 32 (27.1%) | 62 (16.0%) | 24 (27.6%) | 82 (12.0%) | 8 (25.8%) | |||
| Relevant arterial stenosis | 185 (17.3%) | 57 (48.3%) | < 0.001 | 184 (47.5%) | 57 (65.5%) | 0.002 | 1 (0.1%) | 0 (0%) | – |
| CSR score (median, IQR) | 1 (0–2) | 4 (1–6) | < 0.001 | 2 (1–4) | 5 (3–6) | < 0.001 | 0 (0–1) | 1 (1–2) | 0.078 |
| Discharge treatment | |||||||||
| Antiplatelet agents | 1006 (96.3%) | 110 (95.7%) | 0.743 | 371 (95.9%) | 81 (93.1%) | 0.268 | 635 (93.2%) | 29 (93.5%) | 0.948 |
| Anticoagulant | 35 (3.3%) | 3 (2.5%) | 0.877 | 22 (5.7%) | 3 (3.4%) | 0.563 | 13 (1.9%) | 0 (0%) | – |
| Lipid-lowering agents | 996 (93.3%) | 112 (94.9%) | 0.491 | 364 (94.1%) | 84 (96.6%) | 0.507 | 632 (92.8%) | 28 (90.3%) | 0.868 |
| Antihypertension agents | 356 (33.3%) | 42 (35.6%) | 0.622 | 127 (32.8%) | 32 (36.8%) | 0.479 | 229 (33.6%) | 10 (32.3%) | 0.875 |
| Hypoglycemic agents | 206 (19.3%) | 24 (20.3%) | 0.784 | 85 (22.0%) | 19 (21.8%) | 0.980 | 121 (17.8%) | 5 (16.1%) | 0.815 |
Statistical analysis not possible owing to absence of events in the group of TIA patients with negative DWI.
TIA transient ischemic attack, DWI diffusion-weighted imaging, CSR comprehensive stroke recurrence, OLI old lacunar infarction.