Table 2.

Odds Ratios From Growth Curve Models Predicting Changes in Parent–Adult Child Relationship Over Time for Men

	Frequent contact	Downward financial transfer
Time	0.96	0.96
Union transitions
Divorce	0.54*	1.89*
Years since divorce	1.10*	0.95
Repartnering after divorce	0.98	0.48
Years since repartnering	0.85**	1.08
Parental characteristics
Marital duration	1.02	1.01
Higher-order marriage	1.33	1.06
Age	0.99	1.02
Race–ethnicity (ref. = White)
Black	0.84	0.55
Hispanic	2.51	0.43
Educational attainment (ref. = High school or lower)
Some college	1.70	2.28**
College or higher	3.95***	4.30***
Household income (in 1998 dollars, logged)	1.10	1.20
Employment status	0.81	1.38
Homeownership	0.91	1.64*
Self-reported health	0.91	1.29**
Nonadult children (<age 25)	0.84	0.94
Adult child characteristics
Age	0.97	0.92***
Son	0.52**	0.57**
Shared biological child	4.11***	1.98
Married or cohabiting	1.01	0.86
Educational attainment (years)	0.98	1.01
Student status	1.95*	1.71*
Employment status	1.18	1.07
Homeownership	1.04	0.61**
Parental status	1.56*	1.48
Intercept	1.53	0.01*
Random effects
Adult child level	2.15***	0.97***
Respondent level	2.98***	2.82***
Log likelihood	−6,301,850.39	−7,145,249.77

Source: Health and Retirement Study, 1998–2014.

*p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001.