Figure 2.

Effects of GIP on NADPH oxidase-driven superoxide generation and gene expression of β-Mhc, Tgf-β1, and Tgf-β2 in mouse cultured cardiomyocytes: Mouse cultured cardiomyocytes were pre-incubated with or without [D-Ala2]-GIP at 300 nM for 1 h, and then cultured under normal glucose (5.5 mM, NG) or high glucose (30 mM HG) for 24 h. (a) NADPH oxidase-driven superoxide generation. (b) Gene expression levels of β-Mhc, Tgf-β1, and Tgf-β2. a: The data were shown as % to the control. b: Gene expression levels of target molecules was normalized by those of internal control 18 s rna, and the data were shown as relative levels to the controls.

n = 4–9 per group. ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < .01.