Table 1.
Clinical characteristics and macronutrient indices at baseline and after the 12-week dietary intervention period of the participants
(Mean values with their standard errors of the mean)
| Legume-enriched diet (n=160) | Usual diet (n=223) | P | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | sem | Mean | sem | ||
| Male/female (%) | 42·5/57·5 | 41·7/58·3 | 0·876 | ||
| Age (year) | 49·4 | 1·12 | 48·5 | 0·85 | 0·530 |
| Weight (kg) | |||||
| Before | 74·5 | 0·85 | 74·1 | 0·69 | 0·758 |
| After | 71·6 | 0·85*** | 74·0 | 0·68 | 0·029 |
| Change | –2·87 | 0·21 | –0·17 | 0·11 | <0·001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | |||||
| Before | 27·6 | 0·21 | 27·4 | 0·16 | 0·329 |
| After | 26·5 | 0·21*** | 27·3 | 0·16 | 0·003 |
| Change | –1·09 | 0·08 | –0·06 | 0·04 | <0·001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | |||||
| Before | 125·2 | 1·30 | 128·6 | 1·21 | 0·067 |
| After | 122·8 | 1·23* | 128·3 | 1·05 | 0·001 |
| Change | –2·41 | 1·14 | –0·21 | 0·98 | 0·145 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | |||||
| Before | 79·5 | 0·85 | 79·9 | 0·77 | 0·720 |
| After | 76·8 | 0·80** | 78·6 | 0·77 | 0·096 |
| Change | –2·63 | 0·77 | –1·29 | 0·66 | 0·187 |
| Total energy expenditure (kcal/d) | |||||
| Before | 2218·5 | 29·6 | 2192·1 | 23·4 | 0·479 |
| After | 2308·1 | 31·2*** | 2265·3 | 24·2*** | 0·273 |
| Change | 89·6 | 12·8 | 73·3 | 12·3 | 0·366 |
| Estimates of daily nutrient intake | |||||
| Energy intake (kcal) | |||||
| Before | 2389·5 | 27·9 | 2380·0 | 29·8 | 0·824 |
| After | 2147·1 | 39·1*** | 2333·2 | 30·7 | <0·001 |
| Change | –242·4 | 42·5 | –52·1 | 34·6 | 0·001 |
| Carbohydrate (%) | |||||
| Before | 60·1 | 0·47 | 60·6 | 0·32 | 0·363 |
| After | 57·7 | 0·41*** | 59·9 | 0·40 | <0·001 |
| Change | –2·35 | 0·52 | –0·69 | 0·51 | 0·027 |
| Protein (%) | |||||
| Before | 20·5 | 0·39 | 20·3 | 0·25 | 0·699 |
| After | 21·5 | 0·38* | 21·3 | 0·51 | 0·820 |
| Change | 0·99 | 0·44 | 1·03 | 0·56 | 0·968 |
| Fat (%) | |||||
| Before | 19·5 | 0·41 | 19·7 | 0·27 | 0·729 |
| After | 22·0 | 0·29*** | 19·7 | 0·21 | <0·001 |
| Change | 2·47 | 0·43 | –0·04 | 0·32 | <0·001 |
| Fibre (g) | |||||
| Before† | 11·8 | 0·52 | 12·1 | 0·60 | 0·176 |
| After† | 14·5 | 0·69** | 14·1 | 0·65* | 0·120 |
| Change | 2·77 | 0·72 | 2·05 | 0·58 | 0·431 |
*P < 0·05, **P < 0·01, ***P < 0·001 compared with baseline values in each diet group as tested using paired t test. P-values derived from independent t test.
†
Tested using logarithmic transformation.