Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study participants
| Characteristic | Overall (n=7,471) | Men (n=2,748) | Women (n=4,723) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cases of lung cancer | 123 (1.7) | 89 (3.2) | 34 (0.7) |
| Incidence rate per 100,000 person years | 162.0 | 333.7 | 69.1 |
| Pesticide use | |||
| No | 2,553 (34.2) | 627 (22.8) | 1,926 (40.8) |
| Yes | 4,918 (65.8) | 2,121 (77.2) | 2,797 (59.2) |
| Current job status | |||
| Non-agriculture | 2,912 (39.0) | 853 (31.0) | 2,059 (43.6) |
| Agriculture | 4,559 (61.0) | 1,895 (68.0) | 2,664 (56.4) |
| Occupational exposure to pesticides | |||
| No | 3,508 (46.9) | 984 (35.8) | 2,524 (53.4) |
| Yes | 3,963 (53.1) | 1,764 (64.2) | 2,199 (46.6) |
| Average frequency of pesticide use per year | 6.2±10.7 | 8.2±12.3 | 5.1±9.5 |
| < 5 | 4,465 (59.8) | 1,384 (50.4) | 3,081 (65.2) |
| 5–9 | 1,039 (13.9) | 401 (14.6) | 638 (13.5) |
| 10–19 | 1,342 (18.0) | 611 (22.2) | 731 (15.5) |
| ≥ 20 | 625 (8.4) | 352 (12.8) | 273 (5.8) |
| Duration of pesticide use (yr) | 17.8±17.9 | 20.9±17.5 | 16.0±17.9 |
| < 5 | 2,932 (39.2) | 785 (28.6) | 2,147 (45.4) |
| 5–9 | 335 (4.5) | 142 (5.2) | 193 (4.1) |
| 10–19 | 714 (9.6) | 290 (10.5) | 424 (9.0) |
| ≥ 20 | 3,490 (46.7) | 1,531 (55.7) | 1,959 (41.5) |
| Smoking status (pack-years) | 9.9±18.8 | 25.2±23.3 | 1.0±5.1 |
| Never smoker | 4,936 (66.1) | 566 (20.6) | 4,370 (92.5) |
| < 30 | 1,412 (18.9) | 1,100 (40.0) | 312 (6.6) |
| ≥ 30 | 1,123 (15.0) | 1,082 (39.4) | 41 (0.9) |
| Age (yr) | 60.0±11.1 | 60.3±10.9 | 59.9±11.3 |
| 20–29 | 31 (0.4) | 12 (0.4) | 19 (0.4) |
| 30–39 | 355 (4.7) | 105 (3.8) | 250 (5.3) |
| 40–49 | 1,025 (13.7) | 356 (12.0) | 669 (14.2) |
| 50–59 | 1,753 (23.5) | 704 (25.6) | 1,049 (22.2) |
| 60–69 | 2,858 (38.3) | 1,021 (37.2) | 1,837 (38.9) |
| ≥ 70 | 1,449 (19.4) | 550 (20.0) | 899 (19.0) |
| Study area | |||
| Sancheong | 4,007 (53.6) | 1,511 (55.0) | 2,496 (52.9) |
| Changwon | 1,527 (20.4) | 582 (21.2) | 945 (20.0) |
| Chuncheon | 477 (6.4) | 109 (4.0) | 368 (7.8) |
| Chungju | 964 (12.9) | 348 (12.6) | 616 (13.0) |
| Haman | 496 (6.7) | 198 (7.2) | 298 (6.3) |
| Year of cohort entry | |||
| 2003 | 1,167 (15.6) | 377 (13.7) | 790 (16.7) |
| 2004 | 1,673 (22.4) | 636 (23.1) | 1,037 (22.0) |
| 2005 | 971 (13.0) | 362 (13.2) | 609 (12.9) |
| 2006 | 1,201 (16.1) | 477 (17.4) | 724 (15.3) |
| 2007 | 837 (11.2) | 300 (10.9) | 537 (11.4) |
| 2008 | 685 (9.2) | 283 (10.3) | 402 (8.5) |
| 2009 | 470 (6.3) | 161 (5.9) | 309 (6.5) |
| 2010 | 467 (6.2) | 152 (5.5) | 315 (6.7) |
| Education levels | |||
| None | 1,765 (23.6) | 265 (9.6) | 1,500 (31.8) |
| Elementary or middle school | 4,289 (57.4) | 1,695 (61.7) | 2,594 (54.9) |
| High school | 1,034 (13.9) | 551 (20.1) | 483 (10.2) |
| College or more | 383 (5.1) | 237 (8.6) | 146 (3.1) |
| Alcohol consumption status | |||
| Never drinkers | 4,258 (57.0) | 666 (24.2) | 3,592 (76.1) |
| Former drinkers | 461 (6.2) | 322 (11.7) | 139 (2.9) |
| Current drinkers | 2,752 (36.8) | 1,760 (64.1) | 992 (21.0) |
| Frequency of physical activity per week | |||
| < 5 days | 3,155 (42.2) | 1,392 (50.7) | 1,763 (37.3) |
| ≥ 5 days | 4,316 (57.8) | 1,356 (49.3) | 2,960 (62.7) |
| Obesity (BMI) | 23.8±3.2 | 23.4±2.9 | 24.1±3.0 |
| No (BMI < 25 kg/m2) | 4,968 (66.5) | 1,967 (71.6) | 3,001 (63.5) |
| Yes (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) | 2,503 (33.5) | 781 (28.4) | 1,722 (36.5) |
Values are presented as number (%) or mean±SD. BMI, body mass index; SD, standard deviation.