Table 1.
The lowest quartile range of yearly income of those under National Health Insurance Service and the income of those under Medical Aid which is for the recipients of National Basic Livelihood Security Program
| Ever-obesitya) | Times of obesity diagnosis during the continuous 5 years | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| No (n=1,613,198) | Yes (n=1,143,819) | p-value | 1 (n=175,721) | 2 (n=124,172) | 3 (n=120,688) | 4 (n=153,739) | 5 (n=569,499) | p-value | |
| Age (yr) | 41.9±10.6 | 43.5±10.2 | < 0.001 | 43.0±10.6 | 43.1±10.4 | 43.2±10.4 | 43.6±10.3 | 43.9±9.9 | < 0.001 |
|
| |||||||||
| 20–39 | 755,323 (46.8) | 469,483 (41.1) | < 0.001 | 75,922 (43.2) | 53,313 (42.9) | 51,382 (42.6) | 63,270 (41.2) | 225,596 (39.6) | < 0.001 |
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| |||||||||
| 40–64 | 767,454 (47.6) | 598,233 (52.3) | 88,039 (50.1) | 62,709 (50.5) | 61,365 (50.9) | 79,632 (51.8) | 306,488 (53.8) | ||
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| |||||||||
| ≥ 65 | 90,421 (5.6) | 76,103 (6.7) | 11,760 (6.7) | 8,150 (6.6) | 7,941 (6.6) | 10,837 (7.1) | 37,415 (6.6) | ||
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| Male sex | 1,086,886 (67.4) | 953,807 (83.4) | < 0.001 | 136,107 (77.5) | 100,415 (80.9) | 98,996 (82.0) | 127,951 (83.2) | 490,338 (86.1) | < 0.001 |
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| |||||||||
| BMI (kg/m 2 ) | 21.8±1.9 | 26.6±2.3 | < 0.001 | 24.4±1.3 | 25.0±1.1 | 25.4±1.2 | 26.0±1.4 | 28.0±2.1 | < 0.001 |
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| |||||||||
| < 18.5 | 95,080 (5.9) | 397 (0.03) | < 0.001 | 270 (0.2) | 35 (0.03) | 29 (0.02) | 63 (0.04) | 0 | < 0.001 |
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| 18.5–23 | 1,036,096 (64.2) | 2,604 (2.3) | 17,672 (10.1) | 4,418 (3.6) | 2,278 (1.9) | 1,679 (1.1) | 0 | ||
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| 23–25 | 482,022 (29.9) | 223,972 (19.6) | 101,395 (57.7) | 55,997 (45.1) | 38,327 (31.8) | 28,253 (18.4) | 0 | ||
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| 25–30 | 0 | 803,186 (70.2) | 56,005 (31.9) | 63,553 (51.2) | 79,697 (66.0) | 121,830 (79.2) | 482,101 (84.7) | ||
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| |||||||||
| ≥ 30 | 0 | 90,217 (7.9) | 379 (0.2) | 169 (0.1) | 357 (0.3) | 1,914 (1.2) | 87,398 (15.4) | ||
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| WC (cm) | 76.2±7.0 | 87.0±7.0 | < 0.001 | 82.2±5.8 | 83.6±5.5 | 84.5±5.5 | 85.9±5.6 | 90.1±6.6 | < 0.001 |
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| Rural residence | 909,449 (56.4) | 659,387 (57.7) | < 0.001 | 100,973 (57.5) | 71,635 (57.7) | 69,720 (57.8) | 88,019 (57.3) | 329,040 (57.8) | < 0.001 |
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| Low income b) | 296,126 (18.4) | 223,388 (19.5) | < 0.001 | 34,209 (19.5) | 24,365 (19.6) | 23,637 (19.6) | 30,995 (20.2) | 11,082 (19.4) | < 0.001 |
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| Smoking | |||||||||
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| Never | 813,106 (50.4) | 442,672 (38.7) | < 0.001 | 76,087 (43.3) | 50,534 (40.7) | 48,098 (39.9) | 59,883 (39.0) | 208,070 (36.5) | < 0.001 |
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| Former | 283,182 (17.6) | 274,738 (24.0) | 39,605 (22.5) | 29,665 (23.9) | 28,937 (24.0) | 37,449 (24.4) | 139,082 (24.4) | ||
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| Current | 516,910 (32.0) | 426,409 (37.3) | 60,029 (34.2) | 43,973 (35.4) | 43,653 (36.2) | 56,407 (36.7) | 222,347 (39.0) | ||
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| Alcohol | |||||||||
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| None | 661,031 (41.0) | 393,159 (34.4) | < 0.001 | 65,135 (37.1) | 44,013 (35.5) | 42,077 (34.9) | 53,599 (34.9) | 188,335 (33.1) | < 0.001 |
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| Mildc | 849,087 (52.6) | 638,080 (55.8) | 95,969 (54.6) | 69,520 (56.0) | 65,525 (56.0) | 85,777 (55.8) | 319,287 (56.1) | ||
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| |||||||||
| Heavyd) | 103,080 (6.4) | 112,580 (9.8) | 14,617 (8.3) | 10,639 (8.6) | 11,084 (9.2) | 14,363 (9.3) | 61,877 (10.9) | ||
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| Regular exercise | 971,031 (60.2) | 758,148 (66.3) | < 0.001 | 112,436 (64.0) | 81,303 (65.5) | 79,368 (65.8) | 102,096 (66.4) | 382,945 (67.2) | < 0.001 |
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| Diabetes | 68,504 (4.3) | 106,608 (9.3) | < 0.001 | 11,374 (6.5) | 8,832 (7.1) | 9,300 (7.7) | 13,362 (8.7) | 63,740 (11.2) | < 0.001 |
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| Hypertension | 211,457 (13.1) | 319,950 (28.0) | < 0.001 | 35,072 (20.0) | 26,835 (21.6) | 28,249 (23.4) | 39,769 (25.9) | 190,025 (33.4) | < 0.001 |
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| Dyslipidemia | 174,977 (10.9) | 241,345 (21.1) | < 0.001 | 29,456 (16.8) | 22,228 (17.9) | 22,578 (18.7) | 31,285 (20.4) | 135,798 (23.9) | < 0.001 |
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| Follow-up duration, median (Q1–Q3) | 6.76 (5.33–7.35) | 6.82 (5.4–7.39) | < 0.001 | 6.77 (5.37–7.37) | 6.74 (5.35–7.35) | 6.74 (5.36–7.35) | 6.75 (5.35–7.35) | 6.76 (5.30–7.35) | < 0.001 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or numbers (percentage excluding missing data). Data were from the final health check-up of each individual. BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference.
Diagnosis of obesity at least once during the five continuous annual health check-ups,
The lowest quartile range of yearly income of those under National Health Insurance Service and the income of those under Medical Aid which is for the recipients of National Basic Livelihood Security Program,
Alcohol consumption < 30 g/day,
Alcohol consumption ≥ 30 g/day.